Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common lung cancer type associated with smoking.

Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in a regulated manner, distinct from necrosis.

Lipid accumulation within the arterial wall is a primary histological feature of atherosclerosis.

Ischemia primarily leads to ATP depletion due to reduced blood flow, which impairs cellular functions and can lead to cell death.

Troponin levels are the most specific and sensitive markers for diagnosing acute myocardial infarction.

Karyolysis, the dissolution of the cell nucleus, is a hallmark of necrosis, distinguishing it from apoptosis.

Helicobacter pylori is the primary infectious agent linked to the development of peptic ulcers.

Jaundice is a classic sign of liver cirrhosis due to the accumulation of bilirubin in the blood.

Granuloma formation is a characteristic feature of chronic inflammation, often seen in conditions like tuberculosis.

Type I hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by IgE antibodies and are associated with allergic responses.