In a buck converter, increasing the duty cycle results in a higher output voltage, as more time is spent in the 'on' state.

A buck converter steps down the input voltage, resulting in an output voltage that is less than the input voltage.

The boiler in a coal-fired power plant is used to convert water into steam by burning coal, which generates heat.

The dam in a hydroelectric power plant stores water, creating a reservoir that can be released to generate electricity.

The long line model is used for transmission lines that are long enough to require consideration of distributed parameters.

The reactor in a nuclear power plant is responsible for controlling the nuclear fission reaction that generates heat, which is then used to produce steam.

Load flow analysis studies the flow of electrical energy from generation sources to the load in a power system.

Protection relays are devices that detect faults in the electrical system and initiate the interruption of the circuit to prevent damage.

In a step-up transformer, the primary winding has fewer turns than the secondary winding.

In a step-up transformer, the turns ratio is greater than one, which results in a higher secondary voltage compared to the primary voltage.

Thermal power plants primarily use fossil fuels like natural gas, coal, or oil to generate steam that drives turbines for electricity generation.

In a balanced three-phase system, the phase difference between each of the three phases is 120 degrees.

A three-phase rectifier typically uses 6 diodes to convert three-phase AC to DC.

A three-phase transformer has 3 primary windings and 3 secondary windings.

A three-phase transformer requires three sets of windings, one for each phase.

The turns ratio of a transformer is the ratio of the number of turns in the primary winding to the number of turns in the secondary winding.

The turns ratio of a transformer determines the voltage transformation between the primary and secondary windings.

Surge impedance refers to the characteristic impedance of the transmission line, which affects wave propagation.

The dam in hydroelectric power generation stores water, creating a reservoir that can be released to drive turbines and generate electricity.

The slack bus is used in load flow studies to balance the active and reactive power in the system, compensating for losses and ensuring the system operates correctly.

Transformer tap changing is significant in load flow studies as it adjusts the voltage levels to maintain system stability and efficiency.

In power distribution, a 'feeder' refers to a line that carries electricity from substations to consumers, distributing power to various loads.

Distribution transformers step down high voltage electricity from the distribution network to a lower voltage suitable for consumer use.

Load flow refers to the analysis of power distribution in the system, determining voltage, current, and power at various points.

Distribution transformers are commonly found in residential areas to step down voltage for consumer use.

The turbine is the main component in wind power generation that converts wind energy into mechanical energy, which is then converted into electricity.

Line loading refers to the amount of electrical power that a transmission line can safely carry.

Load flow analysis helps determine the voltage drop across the transmission line under various load conditions.

Load flow analysis studies the flow of electrical power in a system from generation to consumption under various conditions.

Short-circuit current refers to the maximum current that can flow through a circuit during a fault condition.