Q. In the context of bearing capacity, what does the term 'factor of safety' refer to?
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A.
The ratio of ultimate load to allowable load
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B.
The ratio of soil strength to applied load
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C.
The ratio of settlement to total load
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D.
The ratio of cohesion to friction angle
Solution
The factor of safety is defined as the ratio of the ultimate load to the allowable load, ensuring safety against failure.
Correct Answer:
A
— The ratio of ultimate load to allowable load
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Q. What is the effect of increasing the depth of a foundation on its bearing capacity?
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A.
Increases bearing capacity
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B.
Decreases bearing capacity
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C.
No effect
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D.
Depends on soil type
Solution
Increasing the depth of a foundation generally increases its bearing capacity due to the greater confining pressure.
Correct Answer:
A
— Increases bearing capacity
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Q. What is the primary concern when designing foundations in clayey soils?
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A.
High shear strength
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B.
Low permeability
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C.
High compressibility
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D.
Low plasticity
Solution
High compressibility in clayey soils can lead to significant settlement, which is a primary concern in foundation design.
Correct Answer:
C
— High compressibility
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Q. What is the primary method used to calculate the bearing capacity of a shallow foundation?
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A.
Terzaghi's equation
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B.
Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion
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C.
Atterberg limits
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D.
Consolidation test
Solution
Terzaghi's equation is the primary method used for calculating the bearing capacity of shallow foundations.
Correct Answer:
A
— Terzaghi's equation
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Q. What is the purpose of a plate load test?
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A.
To determine soil permeability
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B.
To measure soil shear strength
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C.
To assess bearing capacity of soil
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D.
To evaluate soil consolidation
Solution
A plate load test is conducted to assess the bearing capacity of soil by applying a load and measuring the resulting settlement.
Correct Answer:
C
— To assess bearing capacity of soil
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Q. What is the ultimate bearing capacity of a shallow foundation?
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A.
The maximum load per unit area that the soil can support
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B.
The load at which soil begins to fail
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C.
The load that causes immediate settlement
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D.
The load that causes long-term consolidation
Solution
The ultimate bearing capacity is defined as the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without failure.
Correct Answer:
A
— The maximum load per unit area that the soil can support
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Q. Which of the following factors does NOT affect the bearing capacity of soil?
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A.
Soil type
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B.
Water table level
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C.
Foundation depth
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D.
Color of the soil
Solution
The color of the soil does not affect its bearing capacity; however, soil type, water table level, and foundation depth do.
Correct Answer:
D
— Color of the soil
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Q. Which of the following is a common method for improving the bearing capacity of weak soils?
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A.
Soil compaction
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B.
Adding water
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C.
Reducing load
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D.
Increasing foundation width
Solution
Soil compaction is a common method used to improve the bearing capacity of weak soils by increasing their density.
Correct Answer:
A
— Soil compaction
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Q. Which soil property is most critical for determining bearing capacity?
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A.
Cohesion
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B.
Plasticity index
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C.
Permeability
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D.
Grain size
Solution
Cohesion is a critical property for determining the bearing capacity of cohesive soils.
Correct Answer:
A
— Cohesion
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