The rate of consolidation is primarily affected by the permeability of the soil, as it determines how quickly pore water can escape from the soil.

The primary cause of soil settlement in foundations is the consolidation of saturated soils, which occurs as pore water is expelled under load.

The Standard Proctor Test is used to determine the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density of soil, which are critical for compaction in construction.

The primary purpose of site investigation is to determine soil properties and conditions, which are essential for safe and effective design and construction.

Soil color does not affect permeability; however, soil grain size, structure, and water content are critical factors influencing permeability.