Apomixis is a form of asexual reproduction where seeds are produced without fertilization, allowing for the offspring to be genetically identical to the parent.

The primary advantage of sexual reproduction is genetic diversity, which enhances adaptability and survival in changing environments.

Fragmentation is a common method of asexual reproduction in plants where a part of the plant breaks off and develops into a new individual.

The seed coat serves to protect the embryo from physical damage and desiccation during dormancy.

Pollination is the process of transferring pollen from the male anther to the female stigma, which is essential for fertilization.

The alternation of generations is a life cycle characteristic of plants where they alternate between a haploid gametophyte and a diploid sporophyte.

Wind-pollinated plants typically produce large amounts of lightweight pollen to increase the chances of successful pollination.

Cross-pollination is a method of sexual reproduction, not vegetative propagation, which involves the asexual reproduction of plants.

The ovary of the flower develops into the fruit after fertilization, enclosing the seeds.