Transpiration pull is the primary driving force for water movement in plants, created by the evaporation of water from leaf surfaces.

Active transport is the primary mechanism for nutrient absorption in plant roots, allowing plants to uptake minerals against their concentration gradient.

Translocation refers to the movement of water and nutrients through the plant, specifically from roots to leaves.

Abscisic acid is the hormone that signals stomata to close in response to water stress, reducing water loss.

Humidity affects the rate of transpiration; lower humidity increases transpiration rates due to a greater water vapor gradient.

Transpiration creates a negative pressure in the leaves, which pulls water upward through the xylem.

Stomata are small openings on the leaf surface that allow for gas exchange, including the intake of carbon dioxide and the release of oxygen.