Q. What is the basic unit of the genetic code?
-
A.
Codon
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B.
Anticodon
-
C.
Gene
-
D.
Chromosome
Solution
A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that corresponds to a specific amino acid.
Correct Answer:
A
— Codon
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Q. What is the role of regulatory sequences in genes?
-
A.
To code for proteins
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B.
To initiate transcription
-
C.
To terminate transcription
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D.
To enhance mutation rates
Solution
Regulatory sequences are regions of DNA that control the timing and level of gene expression by facilitating or inhibiting transcription.
Correct Answer:
B
— To initiate transcription
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Q. What is the significance of the start codon?
-
A.
It signals the end of translation
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B.
It codes for a stop signal
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C.
It initiates protein synthesis
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D.
It regulates gene expression
Solution
The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.
Correct Answer:
C
— It initiates protein synthesis
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Q. What role do ribosomes play in the genetic code?
-
A.
Transcription
-
B.
Translation
-
C.
Replication
-
D.
Mutation
Solution
Ribosomes are the cellular machinery that translate mRNA codons into amino acids during protein synthesis.
Correct Answer:
B
— Translation
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Q. Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template?
-
A.
DNA polymerase
-
B.
RNA polymerase
-
C.
Ribosome
-
D.
Ligase
Solution
RNA polymerase is the enzyme that synthesizes RNA by transcribing the DNA template during the process of transcription.
Correct Answer:
B
— RNA polymerase
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Q. Which of the following is NOT a component of the genetic code?
-
A.
Amino acids
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B.
Codons
-
C.
Nucleotides
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D.
Proteins
Solution
Proteins are the end products of gene expression, not a component of the genetic code itself.
Correct Answer:
D
— Proteins
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Q. Which of the following mutations can lead to a change in the amino acid sequence?
-
A.
Silent mutation
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B.
Missense mutation
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C.
Nonsense mutation
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D.
All of the above
Solution
A missense mutation results in a different amino acid being incorporated into the protein, potentially altering its function.
Correct Answer:
B
— Missense mutation
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Q. Which process involves the conversion of DNA to RNA?
-
A.
Transcription
-
B.
Translation
-
C.
Replication
-
D.
Translocation
Solution
Transcription is the process by which the information in a DNA sequence is copied into a complementary RNA sequence.
Correct Answer:
A
— Transcription
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