Q. What is the first line of defense in the immune system?
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A.
B cells
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B.
T cells
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C.
Physical barriers
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D.
Cytokines
Solution
Physical barriers, such as skin and mucous membranes, constitute the first line of defense against pathogens.
Correct Answer:
C
— Physical barriers
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Q. What is the function of phagocytes in the immune system?
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A.
Produce antibodies
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B.
Engulf and digest pathogens
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C.
Activate T cells
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D.
Release cytokines
Solution
Phagocytes, such as macrophages and neutrophils, engulf and digest pathogens as part of the immune response.
Correct Answer:
B
— Engulf and digest pathogens
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Q. What is the primary function of T cells in the immune response?
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A.
Produce antibodies
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B.
Directly kill infected cells
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C.
Activate B cells
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D.
Phagocytize pathogens
Solution
T cells are primarily responsible for directly killing infected cells and coordinating the immune response.
Correct Answer:
B
— Directly kill infected cells
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Q. What is the role of memory cells in the immune system?
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A.
To initiate the immune response
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B.
To remember past infections
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C.
To produce antibodies
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D.
To destroy pathogens
Solution
Memory cells are long-lived cells that remember past infections, allowing for a faster and stronger response upon re-exposure.
Correct Answer:
B
— To remember past infections
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Q. What role do antibodies play in the immune response?
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A.
Destroy pathogens directly
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B.
Neutralize toxins
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C.
Enhance phagocytosis
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D.
All of the above
Solution
Antibodies can destroy pathogens, neutralize toxins, and enhance phagocytosis, making them crucial in the immune response.
Correct Answer:
D
— All of the above
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Q. Which cells are primarily involved in the humoral immune response?
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A.
T cells
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B.
B cells
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C.
Macrophages
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D.
Natural killer cells
Solution
B cells are responsible for the humoral immune response, producing antibodies that target specific antigens.
Correct Answer:
B
— B cells
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Q. Which cytokine is primarily responsible for activating T cells?
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A.
Interleukin-1
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B.
Interleukin-2
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C.
Tumor necrosis factor
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D.
Interferon-gamma
Solution
Interleukin-2 is crucial for T cell activation and proliferation during the immune response.
Correct Answer:
B
— Interleukin-2
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Q. Which immune cells are responsible for the destruction of virus-infected cells?
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A.
B cells
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B.
Helper T cells
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C.
Cytotoxic T cells
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D.
Regulatory T cells
Solution
Cytotoxic T cells are specialized in recognizing and destroying virus-infected cells.
Correct Answer:
C
— Cytotoxic T cells
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Q. Which type of immune response is characterized by the rapid response to a previously encountered pathogen?
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A.
Primary response
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B.
Secondary response
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C.
Innate response
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D.
Adaptive response
Solution
The secondary immune response is faster and more robust due to the presence of memory cells from the primary response.
Correct Answer:
B
— Secondary response
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