Q. What is the basic structure of an amino acid?
A.
A central carbon atom, an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a side chain
B.
A central nitrogen atom, a carboxyl group, and a side chain
C.
A central carbon atom, two carboxyl groups, and a side chain
D.
A central carbon atom, an amino group, and a hydroxyl group
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Solution
The basic structure of an amino acid includes a central carbon atom, an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), and a variable side chain (R group).
Correct Answer:
A
— A central carbon atom, an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a side chain
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Q. What is the pKa of the carboxyl group in amino acids?
A.
Around 2
B.
Around 7
C.
Around 9
D.
Around 12
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Solution
The pKa of the carboxyl group in amino acids is typically around 2, indicating its acidic nature.
Correct Answer:
A
— Around 2
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Q. What is the role of the side chain (R group) in amino acids?
A.
Determines the amino acid's charge
B.
Determines the amino acid's polarity
C.
Determines the amino acid's reactivity
D.
All of the above
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Solution
The side chain (R group) of an amino acid determines its charge, polarity, and reactivity, influencing its role in proteins.
Correct Answer:
D
— All of the above
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Q. What property distinguishes polar amino acids from nonpolar amino acids?
A.
Presence of a carboxyl group
B.
Presence of a hydroxyl or amine group in the side chain
C.
Presence of sulfur in the side chain
D.
Presence of a benzene ring
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Solution
Polar amino acids have side chains that contain hydroxyl (-OH) or amine (-NH2) groups, making them hydrophilic.
Correct Answer:
B
— Presence of a hydroxyl or amine group in the side chain
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Q. What type of bond forms between amino acids during protein synthesis?
A.
Ionic bond
B.
Hydrogen bond
C.
Peptide bond
D.
Disulfide bond
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Solution
A peptide bond forms between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another during protein synthesis.
Correct Answer:
C
— Peptide bond
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Q. Which amino acid contains sulfur in its side chain?
A.
Cysteine
B.
Aspartic acid
C.
Glutamine
D.
Tyrosine
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Solution
Cysteine contains a thiol (-SH) group in its side chain, which includes sulfur.
Correct Answer:
A
— Cysteine
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Q. Which amino acid is classified as essential?
A.
Glycine
B.
Alanine
C.
Leucine
D.
Serine
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Solution
Leucine is classified as an essential amino acid, meaning it must be obtained through diet as the body cannot synthesize it.
Correct Answer:
C
— Leucine
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Q. Which amino acid is known for its role in protein structure stabilization through disulfide bonds?
A.
Methionine
B.
Cysteine
C.
Proline
D.
Arginine
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Solution
Cysteine can form disulfide bonds (S-S) that stabilize protein structures.
Correct Answer:
B
— Cysteine
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Q. Which amino acid is known for its role in the synthesis of neurotransmitters?
A.
Tryptophan
B.
Histidine
C.
Glutamate
D.
Tyrosine
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Solution
Tyrosine is a precursor for neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine.
Correct Answer:
D
— Tyrosine
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Q. Which amino acid is known for its unique cyclic structure?
A.
Proline
B.
Glycine
C.
Serine
D.
Threonine
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Solution
Proline has a unique cyclic structure that affects the folding and stability of proteins.
Correct Answer:
A
— Proline
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