Q. What is the function of mycorrhizal fungi in soil?
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A.
Enhancing nutrient uptake
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B.
Decomposing organic material
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C.
Fixing nitrogen
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D.
Producing plant hormones
Solution
Mycorrhizal fungi enhance nutrient uptake for plants, particularly phosphorus.
Correct Answer:
A
— Enhancing nutrient uptake
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Q. What is the primary role of bacteria in soil microbiology?
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A.
Decomposing organic matter
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B.
Fixing atmospheric nitrogen
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C.
Producing antibiotics
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D.
Causing plant diseases
Solution
Bacteria decompose organic matter, recycling nutrients back into the soil.
Correct Answer:
A
— Decomposing organic matter
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Q. What is the role of protozoa in soil ecosystems?
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A.
Decomposing organic matter
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B.
Regulating bacterial populations
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C.
Fixing nitrogen
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D.
Producing organic acids
Solution
Protozoa help regulate bacterial populations by feeding on them, thus influencing microbial dynamics.
Correct Answer:
B
— Regulating bacterial populations
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Q. What is the significance of soil pH in microbiology?
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A.
It affects microbial diversity
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B.
It determines soil texture
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C.
It influences water retention
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D.
It has no effect on microbes
Solution
Soil pH significantly affects microbial diversity and activity.
Correct Answer:
A
— It affects microbial diversity
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Q. What type of bacteria is primarily responsible for nitrogen fixation in soils?
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A.
Actinobacteria
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B.
Cyanobacteria
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C.
Firmicutes
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D.
Proteobacteria
Solution
Cyanobacteria are known for their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen in soil.
Correct Answer:
B
— Cyanobacteria
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Q. Which group of microorganisms is most abundant in soil?
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A.
Fungi
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B.
Bacteria
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C.
Viruses
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D.
Protozoa
Solution
Bacteria are the most abundant microorganisms in soil, playing crucial roles in nutrient cycling.
Correct Answer:
B
— Bacteria
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Q. Which of the following is a common soil-borne pathogen?
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A.
Escherichia coli
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B.
Streptococcus pneumoniae
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C.
Clostridium tetani
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D.
Rhizobium leguminosarum
Solution
Escherichia coli can be found in soil and is known to cause infections.
Correct Answer:
A
— Escherichia coli
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Q. Which of the following is a method to assess soil microbial activity?
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A.
Measuring soil temperature
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B.
Counting soil particles
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C.
Respiration rate measurement
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D.
Determining soil color
Solution
Respiration rate measurement is a common method to assess soil microbial activity.
Correct Answer:
C
— Respiration rate measurement
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Q. Which process is primarily carried out by soil microorganisms?
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A.
Photosynthesis
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B.
Nitrification
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C.
Transpiration
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D.
Evaporation
Solution
Nitrification is a key process carried out by soil microorganisms, converting ammonia to nitrates.
Correct Answer:
B
— Nitrification
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Q. Which soil microorganism is known for bioremediation?
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A.
Bacillus subtilis
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B.
Escherichia coli
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C.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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D.
Staphylococcus aureus
Solution
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known for its ability to degrade environmental pollutants in bioremediation.
Correct Answer:
C
— Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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