Osteomyelitis is a potential long-term complication of untreated brucellosis, particularly affecting the spine.

Doxycycline is commonly used as a first-line treatment for brucellosis, often in combination with rifampin.

The incubation period for brucellosis typically ranges from 2 to 4 weeks after exposure.

Brucella species are primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected animals or consumption of unpasteurized dairy products.

Blood culture is the gold standard for diagnosing brucellosis, as it can detect the bacteria in the bloodstream.

Cattle are the most common source of Brucella transmission to humans, particularly through unpasteurized milk.

Brucella melitensis is primarily associated with goats and sheep and is the most virulent species for humans.

High fever is a common symptom of brucellosis, often accompanied by other flu-like symptoms.

Living in urban areas is not a risk factor for brucellosis; the disease is more common in rural and agricultural settings.