Q. What is the role of the complement system in the antigen-antibody reaction?
-
A.
To produce antibodies
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B.
To enhance phagocytosis and lyse pathogens
-
C.
To inhibit antibody production
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D.
To directly neutralize toxins
Solution
The complement system enhances phagocytosis and can directly lyse pathogens when activated by antibody-antigen complexes.
Correct Answer:
B
— To enhance phagocytosis and lyse pathogens
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Q. What is the significance of the affinity of an antibody for its antigen?
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A.
It determines the speed of the immune response
-
B.
It affects the strength of the binding interaction
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C.
It influences the type of immune cells activated
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D.
It has no clinical significance
Solution
The affinity of an antibody for its antigen affects the strength of the binding interaction, which is crucial for effective immune response.
Correct Answer:
B
— It affects the strength of the binding interaction
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Q. What type of antigen is recognized by T-cell receptors?
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A.
Free-floating antigens
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B.
Soluble antigens
-
C.
Processed peptide antigens presented by MHC
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D.
All types of antigens
Solution
T-cell receptors recognize processed peptide antigens that are presented by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules.
Correct Answer:
C
— Processed peptide antigens presented by MHC
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Q. Which class of antibodies is primarily involved in allergic reactions?
-
A.
IgG
-
B.
IgA
-
C.
IgM
-
D.
IgE
Solution
IgE antibodies are primarily involved in allergic reactions and responses to parasitic infections.
Correct Answer:
D
— IgE
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Q. Which laboratory test is commonly used to detect the presence of antibodies in a patient's serum?
-
A.
Complete blood count (CBC)
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B.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
-
C.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
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D.
Lipid panel
Solution
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is commonly used to detect the presence of specific antibodies in a patient's serum.
Correct Answer:
B
— Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
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Q. Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which antibodies can neutralize pathogens?
-
A.
Agglutination
-
B.
Opsonization
-
C.
Neutralization
-
D.
Phagocytosis
Solution
Phagocytosis is a process carried out by immune cells, not a direct mechanism of antibody action.
Correct Answer:
D
— Phagocytosis
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Q. Which type of immune response is characterized by the production of memory cells?
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A.
Innate immune response
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B.
Primary immune response
-
C.
Secondary immune response
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D.
Non-specific immune response
Solution
The secondary immune response is characterized by the rapid production of memory cells that respond to previously encountered antigens.
Correct Answer:
C
— Secondary immune response
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