Q. What is a common consequence of a frameshift mutation?
-
A.
No effect on protein function
-
B.
A premature stop codon
-
C.
A single amino acid change
-
D.
Increased DNA replication speed
Solution
A frameshift mutation often results in a premature stop codon, leading to truncated proteins.
Correct Answer:
B
— A premature stop codon
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Q. What is the function of the enzyme ligase in DNA repair?
-
A.
To synthesize new DNA strands
-
B.
To unwind the DNA double helix
-
C.
To join DNA fragments together
-
D.
To remove damaged nucleotides
Solution
Ligase is responsible for joining DNA fragments together during the repair process.
Correct Answer:
C
— To join DNA fragments together
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Q. What is the primary function of mismatch repair?
-
A.
To repair single-strand breaks
-
B.
To correct base-pairing errors
-
C.
To remove damaged bases
-
D.
To fix double-strand breaks
Solution
Mismatch repair is responsible for correcting base-pairing errors that occur during DNA replication.
Correct Answer:
B
— To correct base-pairing errors
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Q. What is the primary purpose of DNA sequencing?
-
A.
To determine the order of nucleotides in DNA
-
B.
To repair damaged DNA
-
C.
To replicate DNA
-
D.
To transcribe DNA into RNA
Solution
DNA sequencing is used to determine the precise order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule.
Correct Answer:
A
— To determine the order of nucleotides in DNA
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Q. What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA repair?
-
A.
To unwind the DNA double helix
-
B.
To synthesize new DNA strands
-
C.
To remove damaged DNA
-
D.
To ligate DNA fragments
Solution
DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands during the repair process.
Correct Answer:
B
— To synthesize new DNA strands
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Q. Which sequencing method uses fluorescently labeled nucleotides?
-
A.
Sanger sequencing
-
B.
Next-generation sequencing
-
C.
Pyrosequencing
-
D.
Capillary electrophoresis
Solution
Next-generation sequencing utilizes fluorescently labeled nucleotides to determine DNA sequences.
Correct Answer:
B
— Next-generation sequencing
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Q. Which type of DNA repair mechanism is used to fix thymine dimers caused by UV light?
-
A.
Base excision repair
-
B.
Nucleotide excision repair
-
C.
Mismatch repair
-
D.
Homologous recombination
Solution
Nucleotide excision repair is the mechanism that removes thymine dimers caused by UV light.
Correct Answer:
B
— Nucleotide excision repair
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Q. Which type of mutation can result from exposure to ionizing radiation?
-
A.
Point mutation
-
B.
Translocation
-
C.
Inversion
-
D.
All of the above
Solution
Ionizing radiation can cause various types of mutations, including point mutations, translocations, and inversions.
Correct Answer:
D
— All of the above
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