Q. How does phosphorylation affect translation?
-
A.
It always enhances translation
-
B.
It can inhibit or enhance translation depending on the context
-
C.
It has no effect on translation
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D.
It only affects transcription
Solution
Phosphorylation can inhibit or enhance translation depending on the specific proteins and context involved.
Correct Answer:
B
— It can inhibit or enhance translation depending on the context
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Q. What is the primary role of mRNA in translation?
-
A.
To catalyze peptide bond formation
-
B.
To carry genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
-
C.
To transport amino acids to the ribosome
-
D.
To regulate gene expression
Solution
mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, where translation occurs.
Correct Answer:
B
— To carry genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
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Q. What is the role of release factors in translation?
-
A.
To initiate translation
-
B.
To terminate translation
-
C.
To elongate the polypeptide chain
-
D.
To modify tRNA
Solution
Release factors are proteins that recognize stop codons and terminate translation.
Correct Answer:
B
— To terminate translation
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Q. What is the role of the 5' cap in mRNA?
-
A.
To initiate translation
-
B.
To protect mRNA from degradation
-
C.
To facilitate splicing
-
D.
To enhance transcription
Solution
The 5' cap is crucial for initiating translation and protecting mRNA from degradation.
Correct Answer:
B
— To protect mRNA from degradation
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Q. What is the significance of the AUG codon in translation?
-
A.
It signals the end of translation
-
B.
It codes for the amino acid methionine and initiates translation
-
C.
It is a stop codon
-
D.
It is involved in mRNA splicing
Solution
The AUG codon codes for methionine and serves as the start codon for translation.
Correct Answer:
B
— It codes for the amino acid methionine and initiates translation
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Q. Which molecule is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
-
A.
mRNA
-
B.
tRNA
-
C.
rRNA
-
D.
DNA
Solution
tRNA (transfer RNA) is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
Correct Answer:
B
— tRNA
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Q. Which of the following factors can regulate translation?
-
A.
Transcription factors
-
B.
Ribosomal proteins
-
C.
MicroRNAs
-
D.
All of the above
Solution
All of the above factors can regulate translation at various levels.
Correct Answer:
D
— All of the above
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Q. Which process occurs first during the initiation of translation?
-
A.
Binding of the ribosome to mRNA
-
B.
tRNA binding to the start codon
-
C.
Formation of the peptide bond
-
D.
Release of the completed polypeptide
Solution
The binding of the ribosome to mRNA occurs first during the initiation of translation.
Correct Answer:
A
— Binding of the ribosome to mRNA
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Q. Which type of RNA is primarily involved in the regulation of gene expression at the translation level?
-
A.
mRNA
-
B.
tRNA
-
C.
rRNA
-
D.
miRNA
Solution
miRNA (microRNA) is primarily involved in the regulation of gene expression at the translation level.
Correct Answer:
D
— miRNA
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