Q. What does the term 'incidence' refer to in epidemiology?
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A.
The total number of cases of a disease in a population
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B.
The number of new cases of a disease in a population over a specific time period
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C.
The number of deaths caused by a disease
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D.
The prevalence of a disease in a population
Solution
Incidence measures the number of new cases that develop in a given time period.
Correct Answer:
B
— The number of new cases of a disease in a population over a specific time period
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Q. What does the term 'prevalence' indicate in a population?
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A.
The number of new cases of a disease
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B.
The total number of existing cases of a disease at a specific time
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C.
The number of deaths from a disease
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D.
The rate of disease transmission
Solution
Prevalence refers to the total number of cases of a disease present in a population at a given time.
Correct Answer:
B
— The total number of existing cases of a disease at a specific time
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Q. What is the primary focus of descriptive epidemiology?
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A.
To identify the cause of diseases
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B.
To describe the distribution of diseases
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C.
To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions
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D.
To analyze risk factors
Solution
Descriptive epidemiology aims to describe the occurrence of diseases in terms of person, place, and time.
Correct Answer:
B
— To describe the distribution of diseases
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Q. What is the primary purpose of epidemiology in community medicine?
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A.
To study the distribution and determinants of health-related states
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B.
To develop new medical treatments
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C.
To conduct clinical trials
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D.
To provide direct patient care
Solution
Epidemiology focuses on understanding how diseases affect the health and illness of populations.
Correct Answer:
A
— To study the distribution and determinants of health-related states
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Q. What is the role of a public health surveillance system?
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A.
To provide direct medical care to patients
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B.
To monitor and analyze health data to inform public health actions
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C.
To conduct laboratory research
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D.
To develop new pharmaceuticals
Solution
Public health surveillance systems collect and analyze health data to guide public health policy and practice.
Correct Answer:
B
— To monitor and analyze health data to inform public health actions
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Q. Which of the following factors is NOT typically considered in epidemiological studies?
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A.
Biological factors
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B.
Environmental factors
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C.
Social factors
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D.
Personal preferences
Solution
Epidemiological studies focus on biological, environmental, and social factors rather than personal preferences.
Correct Answer:
D
— Personal preferences
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Q. Which of the following is a key component of the epidemiological triangle?
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A.
Agent
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B.
Treatment
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C.
Diagnosis
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D.
Prevention
Solution
The epidemiological triangle consists of three components: agent, host, and environment.
Correct Answer:
A
— Agent
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Q. Which of the following is a measure of disease frequency?
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A.
Relative risk
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B.
Odds ratio
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C.
Prevalence rate
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D.
Attributable risk
Solution
Prevalence rate indicates how many individuals in a population have a specific disease at a given time.
Correct Answer:
C
— Prevalence rate
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Q. Which of the following is an example of a vector-borne disease?
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A.
Influenza
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B.
Malaria
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C.
Tuberculosis
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D.
Diabetes
Solution
Malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes, making it a vector-borne disease.
Correct Answer:
B
— Malaria
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Q. Which study design is best for establishing causality in epidemiology?
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A.
Cross-sectional study
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B.
Case-control study
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C.
Cohort study
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D.
Ecological study
Solution
Cohort studies are longitudinal and can establish temporal relationships, making them suitable for causality.
Correct Answer:
C
— Cohort study
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