Q. In which condition is there an accumulation of fluid in the alveoli?
-
A.
Chronic bronchitis
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B.
Pulmonary edema
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C.
Cystic fibrosis
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D.
Tuberculosis
Solution
Pulmonary edema is characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the alveoli, impairing gas exchange.
Correct Answer:
B
— Pulmonary edema
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Q. What is the effect of hyperventilation on blood pH?
-
A.
Increases pH (alkalosis)
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B.
Decreases pH (acidosis)
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C.
No effect on pH
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D.
Causes respiratory failure
Solution
Hyperventilation leads to decreased carbon dioxide levels in the blood, resulting in increased pH and respiratory alkalosis.
Correct Answer:
A
— Increases pH (alkalosis)
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Q. What is the primary function of the diaphragm during respiration?
-
A.
To filter air
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B.
To increase lung volume
-
C.
To produce sound
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D.
To transport oxygen
Solution
The diaphragm contracts to increase lung volume during inhalation, allowing air to flow into the lungs.
Correct Answer:
B
— To increase lung volume
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Q. What is the primary regulator of breathing rate?
-
A.
Oxygen levels
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B.
Carbon dioxide levels
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C.
Blood pH
-
D.
Lung volume
Solution
Breathing rate is primarily regulated by carbon dioxide levels in the blood, as increased CO2 leads to increased respiratory drive.
Correct Answer:
B
— Carbon dioxide levels
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Q. Which gas law explains the relationship between the volume and pressure of gases in the lungs?
-
A.
Boyle's Law
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B.
Charles's Law
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C.
Dalton's Law
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D.
Henry's Law
Solution
Boyle's Law states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume, which is fundamental to the mechanics of breathing.
Correct Answer:
A
— Boyle's Law
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Q. Which of the following conditions is characterized by obstructed airflow during expiration?
-
A.
Asthma
-
B.
Pneumonia
-
C.
Pulmonary fibrosis
-
D.
Emphysema
Solution
Asthma is characterized by obstructed airflow due to bronchoconstriction and inflammation, particularly during expiration.
Correct Answer:
A
— Asthma
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Q. Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for the control of respiration?
-
A.
Cerebrum
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B.
Cerebellum
-
C.
Medulla oblongata
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D.
Thalamus
Solution
The medulla oblongata is the part of the brain that controls the rhythm and rate of breathing.
Correct Answer:
C
— Medulla oblongata
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Q. Which structure is primarily responsible for gas exchange in the lungs?
-
A.
Bronchi
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B.
Alveoli
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C.
Trachea
-
D.
Larynx
Solution
The alveoli are the tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs, allowing oxygen to enter the blood and carbon dioxide to be expelled.
Correct Answer:
B
— Alveoli
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