Q. How does the body respond to low blood volume?
A.
Increased urine output
B.
Release of renin
C.
Decreased thirst
D.
Increased glomerular filtration rate
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Solution
In response to low blood volume, the body releases renin, which activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to help restore blood volume.
Correct Answer:
B
— Release of renin
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Q. What is the consequence of excessive protein intake on renal function?
A.
Decreased glomerular filtration rate
B.
Increased urea production
C.
Decreased urine output
D.
Increased potassium retention
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Solution
Excessive protein intake leads to increased urea production, which can put stress on the kidneys and affect their function.
Correct Answer:
B
— Increased urea production
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Q. What is the effect of aldosterone on renal function?
A.
Increases sodium reabsorption
B.
Decreases potassium reabsorption
C.
Increases water excretion
D.
Decreases blood pressure
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Solution
Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, which helps to increase blood volume and blood pressure.
Correct Answer:
A
— Increases sodium reabsorption
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Q. What is the primary site of filtration in the nephron?
A.
Proximal convoluted tubule
B.
Loop of Henle
C.
Glomerulus
D.
Distal convoluted tubule
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Solution
The glomerulus is the primary site of filtration in the nephron, where blood is filtered to form urine.
Correct Answer:
C
— Glomerulus
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Q. What is the role of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in renal physiology?
A.
Regulating blood flow to the glomerulus
B.
Secreting erythropoietin
C.
Monitoring sodium concentration
D.
Producing urine
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Solution
The juxtaglomerular apparatus regulates blood flow to the glomerulus and plays a key role in blood pressure regulation.
Correct Answer:
A
— Regulating blood flow to the glomerulus
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Q. Which condition is characterized by the presence of excess glucose in the urine?
A.
Diabetes insipidus
B.
Diabetes mellitus
C.
Chronic kidney disease
D.
Hypertension
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Solution
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by excess glucose in the urine due to high blood sugar levels exceeding the renal threshold for glucose reabsorption.
Correct Answer:
B
— Diabetes mellitus
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Q. Which of the following conditions can lead to renal failure?
A.
Dehydration
B.
Hypertension
C.
Diabetes mellitus
D.
All of the above
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Solution
All of the listed conditions can contribute to renal failure by damaging kidney function over time.
Correct Answer:
D
— All of the above
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