Q. What is the effect of increased calcium ion concentration in the presynaptic terminal?
A.
Inhibition of neurotransmitter release
B.
Promotion of neurotransmitter release
C.
No effect on neurotransmitter release
D.
Degradation of neurotransmitters
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Solution
Increased calcium ion concentration in the presynaptic terminal triggers the fusion of neurotransmitter-containing vesicles with the membrane, promoting neurotransmitter release.
Correct Answer:
B
— Promotion of neurotransmitter release
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Q. What is the primary function of the sodium-potassium pump?
A.
To generate action potentials
B.
To maintain resting membrane potential
C.
To facilitate neurotransmitter release
D.
To recycle neurotransmitters
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Solution
The sodium-potassium pump actively transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell, maintaining the resting membrane potential.
Correct Answer:
B
— To maintain resting membrane potential
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Q. What role do neurotransmitters play in synaptic transmission?
A.
They generate action potentials
B.
They transmit signals across the synaptic cleft
C.
They maintain resting membrane potential
D.
They recycle ions
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Solution
Neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, facilitating signal transmission.
Correct Answer:
B
— They transmit signals across the synaptic cleft
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Q. Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the 'fight or flight' response?
A.
Acetylcholine
B.
Dopamine
C.
Norepinephrine
D.
Serotonin
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Solution
Norepinephrine is the primary neurotransmitter involved in the 'fight or flight' response, preparing the body for stressful situations.
Correct Answer:
C
— Norepinephrine
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Q. Which part of the neuron is primarily responsible for receiving signals?
A.
Axon
B.
Dendrites
C.
Myelin sheath
D.
Soma
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Solution
Dendrites are specialized to receive signals from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body.
Correct Answer:
B
— Dendrites
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Q. Which structure in the brain is primarily involved in regulating homeostasis?
A.
Cerebellum
B.
Hypothalamus
C.
Medulla oblongata
D.
Thalamus
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Solution
The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating temperature, hunger, thirst, and other autonomic functions.
Correct Answer:
B
— Hypothalamus
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Q. Which type of glial cell is responsible for myelination in the central nervous system?
A.
Astrocytes
B.
Oligodendrocytes
C.
Microglia
D.
Schwann cells
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Solution
Oligodendrocytes are the glial cells that produce myelin in the central nervous system, insulating axons and enhancing signal transmission.
Correct Answer:
B
— Oligodendrocytes
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