Cardiovascular Physiology - Clinical Correlations for Exams

Cardiovascular Physiology - Clinical Correlations

Q. What is the effect of vasodilation on blood flow?

Solution

Vasodilation refers to the widening of blood vessels, which increases blood flow to tissues.

Correct Answer: A — Increases blood flow

Q. What is the primary mechanism by which the body maintains homeostasis of blood pH?

Solution

The respiratory system helps maintain blood pH by regulating the levels of carbon dioxide, which affects acidity.

Correct Answer: A — Respiratory regulation

Q. Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing blood pressure during stress?

Solution

Epinephrine is released during stress and increases heart rate and blood pressure by enhancing cardiac output.

Correct Answer: B — Epinephrine

Q. Which of the following conditions can lead to hypertension?

Solution

Increased sodium intake can lead to fluid retention and increased blood volume, contributing to hypertension.

Correct Answer: B — Increased sodium intake

Q. Which of the following factors primarily influences heart rate?

Solution

Heart rate is primarily influenced by sympathetic nervous system activity, which increases heart rate during stress or exercise.

Correct Answer: B — Sympathetic nervous system activity

Q. Which organ is primarily responsible for regulating blood volume?

Solution

The kidneys play a crucial role in regulating blood volume by controlling the excretion of water and electrolytes.

Correct Answer: C — Kidneys

Q. Which physiological response occurs during the 'fight or flight' reaction?

Solution

During the 'fight or flight' response, the body increases blood flow to muscles to prepare for rapid action.

Correct Answer: B — Increased blood flow to muscles

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