Q. What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the heart?
-
A.
Decreases heart rate
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B.
Increases heart rate
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C.
Has no effect
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D.
Decreases stroke volume
Solution
Sympathetic stimulation increases heart rate and contractility, preparing the body for 'fight or flight' responses.
Correct Answer:
B
— Increases heart rate
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Q. What is the normal range for resting heart rate in adults?
-
A.
40-60 beats per minute
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B.
60-100 beats per minute
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C.
100-120 beats per minute
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D.
120-140 beats per minute
Solution
The normal resting heart rate for adults typically ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute.
Correct Answer:
B
— 60-100 beats per minute
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Q. What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?
-
A.
To transport oxygen and nutrients to tissues
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B.
To regulate body temperature
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C.
To produce hormones
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D.
To facilitate digestion
Solution
The primary function of the cardiovascular system is to transport oxygen and nutrients to tissues throughout the body.
Correct Answer:
A
— To transport oxygen and nutrients to tissues
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Q. What is the primary mechanism by which oxygen is transported in the blood?
-
A.
Dissolved in plasma
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B.
Bound to hemoglobin
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C.
As bicarbonate ions
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D.
In white blood cells
Solution
The primary mechanism for oxygen transport in the blood is through binding to hemoglobin in red blood cells.
Correct Answer:
B
— Bound to hemoglobin
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Q. What is the role of baroreceptors in the cardiovascular system?
-
A.
To detect changes in blood glucose levels
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B.
To sense changes in blood pressure
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C.
To monitor oxygen levels in the blood
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D.
To regulate body temperature
Solution
Baroreceptors are specialized sensors that detect changes in blood pressure and help regulate cardiovascular function.
Correct Answer:
B
— To sense changes in blood pressure
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Q. Which blood vessel type has the highest resistance to blood flow?
-
A.
Arteries
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B.
Veins
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C.
Capillaries
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D.
Arterioles
Solution
Arterioles have the highest resistance to blood flow due to their small diameter and ability to constrict or dilate.
Correct Answer:
D
— Arterioles
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Q. Which component of the heart is responsible for initiating the heartbeat?
-
A.
Atrioventricular node
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B.
Sinoatrial node
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C.
Bundle of His
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D.
Purkinje fibers
Solution
The sinoatrial node is responsible for initiating the heartbeat as it generates electrical impulses that trigger heart contractions.
Correct Answer:
B
— Sinoatrial node
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Q. Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood pressure?
-
A.
Insulin
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B.
Epinephrine
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C.
Aldosterone
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D.
Thyroxine
Solution
Aldosterone plays a key role in regulating blood pressure by promoting sodium retention and increasing blood volume.
Correct Answer:
C
— Aldosterone
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Q. Which of the following factors can increase cardiac output?
-
A.
Increased heart rate
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B.
Decreased stroke volume
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C.
Increased peripheral resistance
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D.
Decreased venous return
Solution
Increased heart rate can lead to an increase in cardiac output, as cardiac output is the product of heart rate and stroke volume.
Correct Answer:
A
— Increased heart rate
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