Q. In which type of hypersensitivity reaction is the immune response primarily mediated by IgE antibodies?
-
A.
Type I
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B.
Type II
-
C.
Type III
-
D.
Type IV
Solution
Type I hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by IgE antibodies, leading to allergic responses.
Correct Answer:
A
— Type I
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Q. What is the most common laboratory method used to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
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A.
Gram stain
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B.
Acid-fast bacilli stain
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C.
Culture on blood agar
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D.
PCR amplification
Solution
The acid-fast bacilli stain is the most common laboratory method used to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis due to its unique cell wall properties.
Correct Answer:
B
— Acid-fast bacilli stain
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Q. What is the primary mechanism by which Staphylococcus aureus evades the host immune response?
-
A.
Production of exotoxins
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B.
Formation of biofilms
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C.
Capsule formation
-
D.
Endotoxin release
Solution
Staphylococcus aureus produces a polysaccharide capsule that inhibits phagocytosis, allowing it to evade the host immune response.
Correct Answer:
C
— Capsule formation
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Q. What is the primary mode of transmission for Helicobacter pylori?
-
A.
Airborne droplets
-
B.
Fecal-oral route
-
C.
Vector-borne
-
D.
Direct contact
Solution
Helicobacter pylori is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, leading to gastrointestinal infections.
Correct Answer:
B
— Fecal-oral route
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Q. What type of necrosis is characterized by the presence of caseous material, often associated with tuberculosis?
-
A.
Coagulative necrosis
-
B.
Liquefactive necrosis
-
C.
Caseous necrosis
-
D.
Fat necrosis
Solution
Caseous necrosis is characterized by the presence of caseous material and is commonly associated with tuberculosis infections.
Correct Answer:
C
— Caseous necrosis
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Q. Which bacterial pathogen is known for causing a severe, rapidly progressive necrotizing fasciitis?
-
A.
Streptococcus pyogenes
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B.
Escherichia coli
-
C.
Clostridium perfringens
-
D.
Staphylococcus aureus
Solution
Streptococcus pyogenes is known for causing necrotizing fasciitis, a severe and rapidly progressive soft tissue infection.
Correct Answer:
A
— Streptococcus pyogenes
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Q. Which of the following bacteria is known for its ability to form spores that can survive extreme conditions?
-
A.
Escherichia coli
-
B.
Clostridium botulinum
-
C.
Streptococcus pneumoniae
-
D.
Neisseria meningitidis
Solution
Clostridium botulinum is a spore-forming bacterium that can survive extreme environmental conditions, making it highly resilient.
Correct Answer:
B
— Clostridium botulinum
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Q. Which of the following is a common laboratory test used to diagnose bacterial meningitis?
-
A.
Complete blood count
-
B.
Lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid analysis
-
C.
Urinalysis
-
D.
Chest X-ray
Solution
A lumbar puncture followed by cerebrospinal fluid analysis is the standard laboratory test used to diagnose bacterial meningitis.
Correct Answer:
B
— Lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid analysis
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Q. Which virulence factor is primarily responsible for the adherence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to epithelial cells?
-
A.
Pili
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B.
Exotoxins
-
C.
Capsule
-
D.
Endotoxin
Solution
Pili are the primary virulence factor that allows Neisseria gonorrhoeae to adhere to epithelial cells in the urogenital tract.
Correct Answer:
A
— Pili
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