Q. What is the primary mode of transmission for most viruses?
-
A.
Direct contact
-
B.
Airborne droplets
-
C.
Vector-borne
-
D.
Fecal-oral route
Solution
Most viruses are primarily transmitted through airborne droplets, especially respiratory viruses.
Correct Answer:
B
— Airborne droplets
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Q. What is the primary target cell type for HIV?
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A.
Erythrocytes
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B.
Neurons
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C.
CD4+ T lymphocytes
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D.
B lymphocytes
Solution
HIV primarily targets CD4+ T lymphocytes, which are crucial for the immune response.
Correct Answer:
C
— CD4+ T lymphocytes
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Q. What is the role of the viral envelope?
-
A.
To provide structural support
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B.
To facilitate entry into host cells
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C.
To store viral genetic material
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D.
To replicate viral RNA
Solution
The viral envelope plays a crucial role in facilitating the entry of the virus into host cells by fusing with the host cell membrane.
Correct Answer:
B
— To facilitate entry into host cells
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Q. What is the significance of viral load in HIV treatment?
-
A.
Indicates the presence of antibodies
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B.
Measures the number of viral particles in the blood
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C.
Determines the immune response
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D.
Indicates the effectiveness of antibiotics
Solution
Viral load measures the number of viral particles in the blood, which is crucial for monitoring HIV treatment efficacy.
Correct Answer:
B
— Measures the number of viral particles in the blood
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Q. What type of nucleic acid can viruses possess?
-
A.
Only DNA
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B.
Only RNA
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C.
Both DNA and RNA
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D.
Neither DNA nor RNA
Solution
Viruses can possess either DNA or RNA as their genetic material, and some can have both in different forms.
Correct Answer:
C
— Both DNA and RNA
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Q. Which laboratory technique is commonly used to detect viral RNA?
-
A.
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
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B.
ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)
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C.
Western Blot
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D.
Culture method
Solution
PCR is a widely used technique for amplifying and detecting viral RNA in clinical samples.
Correct Answer:
A
— PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of viral infections?
-
A.
Bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibition
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B.
Lysis of host cells
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C.
Formation of biofilms
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D.
Endotoxin release
Solution
Viral infections often lead to the lysis of host cells as the virus replicates and releases new virions.
Correct Answer:
B
— Lysis of host cells
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Q. Which of the following is a common method for inactivating viruses in vaccines?
-
A.
Heat treatment
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B.
Chemical treatment
-
C.
Radiation
-
D.
All of the above
Solution
All of the listed methods can be used to inactivate viruses for vaccine production.
Correct Answer:
D
— All of the above
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Q. Which of the following viruses is associated with the development of cervical cancer?
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A.
Hepatitis B virus
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B.
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
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C.
Cytomegalovirus
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D.
Epstein-Barr virus
Solution
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is strongly associated with the development of cervical cancer.
Correct Answer:
B
— Human papillomavirus (HPV)
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Q. Which virus is known for causing the common cold?
-
A.
Influenza virus
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B.
Rhinovirus
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C.
HIV
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D.
Herpes simplex virus
Solution
Rhinovirus is the most common cause of the common cold, responsible for a significant number of upper respiratory infections.
Correct Answer:
B
— Rhinovirus
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