Q. In chronic inflammation, which cell type is predominantly found in the tissue?
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A.
Neutrophils
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B.
Macrophages
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C.
Mast cells
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D.
Basophils
Solution
Macrophages are the predominant cell type in chronic inflammation, contributing to tissue repair and the immune response.
Correct Answer:
B
— Macrophages
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Q. What is the hallmark histopathological feature of granulomatous inflammation?
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A.
Neutrophilic infiltration
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B.
Caseous necrosis
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C.
Lymphocytic infiltration
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D.
Epithelioid cell formation
Solution
Epithelioid cell formation is a characteristic feature of granulomatous inflammation, often seen in conditions like tuberculosis.
Correct Answer:
D
— Epithelioid cell formation
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Q. What is the primary cell type involved in the acute inflammatory response?
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A.
Neutrophils
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B.
Macrophages
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C.
Lymphocytes
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D.
Eosinophils
Solution
Neutrophils are the first responders to sites of acute inflammation, playing a crucial role in the initial immune response.
Correct Answer:
A
— Neutrophils
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Q. What is the primary mechanism of tissue repair following injury?
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A.
Apoptosis
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B.
Regeneration
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C.
Fibrosis
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D.
Necrosis
Solution
Fibrosis is the primary mechanism of tissue repair, involving the deposition of collagen and extracellular matrix components.
Correct Answer:
C
— Fibrosis
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Q. What is the role of histamine in the inflammatory response?
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A.
Vasoconstriction
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B.
Increased vascular permeability
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C.
Pain sensation
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D.
Fever induction
Solution
Histamine plays a key role in increasing vascular permeability and causing vasodilation during the inflammatory response.
Correct Answer:
B
— Increased vascular permeability
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Q. What type of inflammation is characterized by the presence of pus?
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A.
Serous inflammation
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B.
Fibrinous inflammation
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C.
Suppurative inflammation
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D.
Chronic inflammation
Solution
Suppurative inflammation is characterized by the formation of pus, which consists of dead neutrophils, bacteria, and tissue debris.
Correct Answer:
C
— Suppurative inflammation
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Q. Which cytokine is primarily responsible for the fever response during inflammation?
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A.
IL-1
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B.
TNF-alpha
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C.
IL-6
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D.
IFN-gamma
Solution
IL-1 is a key cytokine that induces fever by acting on the hypothalamus during the inflammatory response.
Correct Answer:
A
— IL-1
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Q. Which infectious agent is most commonly associated with chronic granulomatous disease?
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A.
Staphylococcus aureus
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B.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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C.
Aspergillus species
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D.
Salmonella
Solution
Aspergillus species are commonly associated with chronic granulomatous disease due to the impaired ability of phagocytes to kill certain pathogens.
Correct Answer:
C
— Aspergillus species
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Q. Which of the following is a common laboratory test used to assess inflammation?
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A.
Complete blood count
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B.
C-reactive protein
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C.
Liver function tests
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D.
Blood glucose level
Solution
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a sensitive marker for inflammation and is commonly used in clinical practice.
Correct Answer:
B
— C-reactive protein
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Q. Which of the following is NOT a feature of acute inflammation?
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A.
Vasodilation
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B.
Increased vascular permeability
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C.
Tissue necrosis
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D.
Neutrophil infiltration
Solution
Tissue necrosis is not a feature of acute inflammation; rather, it can be a consequence of prolonged inflammation or injury.
Correct Answer:
C
— Tissue necrosis
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