Q. In which condition is turbulent flow most likely to occur?
A.
High viscosity
B.
Low velocity
C.
High flow rate
D.
Small diameter
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Solution
Turbulent flow is most likely to occur at high flow rates, where the inertial forces overcome the viscous forces.
Correct Answer:
C
— High flow rate
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Q. What effect does increasing the diameter of a blood vessel have on blood flow?
A.
Decreases flow
B.
Increases flow
C.
No effect
D.
Causes turbulence
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Solution
Increasing the diameter of a blood vessel decreases resistance, thereby increasing blood flow according to Poiseuille's law.
Correct Answer:
B
— Increases flow
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Q. What is the effect of gravity on fluid flow in the human body?
A.
Increases flow in all positions
B.
Decreases flow in all positions
C.
Varies with body position
D.
Has no effect
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Solution
Gravity affects fluid flow in the body, varying with body position; for example, it increases venous return when standing.
Correct Answer:
C
— Varies with body position
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Q. What is the primary component of blood that affects its flow properties?
A.
Red blood cells
B.
White blood cells
C.
Platelets
D.
Plasma
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Solution
Red blood cells are the primary component that affects blood viscosity and flow properties.
Correct Answer:
A
— Red blood cells
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Q. What is the primary driving force for fluid flow in the circulatory system?
A.
Osmotic pressure
B.
Hydrostatic pressure
C.
Viscosity
D.
Surface tension
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Solution
Hydrostatic pressure is the primary driving force for fluid flow in the circulatory system, pushing blood through the vessels.
Correct Answer:
B
— Hydrostatic pressure
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Q. What is the term for the flow of fluid in layers, with no disruption between them?
A.
Turbulent flow
B.
Laminar flow
C.
Transitional flow
D.
Creeping flow
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Solution
Laminar flow is characterized by fluid moving in parallel layers with minimal disruption between them.
Correct Answer:
B
— Laminar flow
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Q. Which factor does NOT affect the viscosity of blood?
A.
Temperature
B.
Hematocrit level
C.
Blood vessel length
D.
Plasma protein concentration
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Solution
Blood vessel length does not affect the viscosity of blood; viscosity is influenced by temperature, hematocrit level, and plasma protein concentration.
Correct Answer:
C
— Blood vessel length
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Q. Which law describes the relationship between pressure, volume, and flow rate in a fluid?
A.
Bernoulli's principle
B.
Ohm's law
C.
Poiseuille's law
D.
Fick's law
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Solution
Poiseuille's law describes the relationship between pressure, volume, and flow rate in a fluid, particularly in laminar flow.
Correct Answer:
C
— Poiseuille's law
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Q. Which of the following conditions can lead to increased blood viscosity?
A.
Dehydration
B.
Hyperhydration
C.
Low hematocrit
D.
Increased temperature
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Solution
Dehydration can lead to increased blood viscosity due to a higher concentration of cells and proteins in the plasma.
Correct Answer:
A
— Dehydration
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