Q. What is the function of histones in relation to DNA?
A.
To degrade RNA
B.
To package DNA into nucleosomes
C.
To synthesize proteins
D.
To repair DNA damage
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Solution
Histones are proteins that package and order DNA into structural units called nucleosomes, playing a key role in gene regulation.
Correct Answer:
B
— To package DNA into nucleosomes
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Q. What is the primary function of transcription factors?
A.
To degrade RNA
B.
To initiate transcription of specific genes
C.
To replicate DNA
D.
To package DNA
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Solution
Transcription factors are proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences to regulate the transcription of genes, initiating the process.
Correct Answer:
B
— To initiate transcription of specific genes
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Q. What is the primary role of proteins in nucleic acid interactions?
A.
Catalyzing chemical reactions
B.
Storing genetic information
C.
Facilitating transcription and replication
D.
Providing structural support
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Solution
Proteins, such as transcription factors and polymerases, facilitate the processes of transcription and replication by interacting with nucleic acids.
Correct Answer:
C
— Facilitating transcription and replication
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Q. What is the role of RNA-binding proteins?
A.
To synthesize DNA
B.
To stabilize RNA structures
C.
To degrade proteins
D.
To replicate DNA
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Solution
RNA-binding proteins play a crucial role in stabilizing RNA structures and regulating RNA metabolism, including splicing and transport.
Correct Answer:
B
— To stabilize RNA structures
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Q. What is the significance of the protein p53 in relation to DNA?
A.
It promotes DNA replication
B.
It acts as a tumor suppressor by regulating the cell cycle
C.
It synthesizes RNA
D.
It repairs DNA damage
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Solution
p53 is a crucial tumor suppressor protein that regulates the cell cycle and helps prevent the proliferation of cells with damaged DNA.
Correct Answer:
B
— It acts as a tumor suppressor by regulating the cell cycle
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Q. Which of the following is a common method for studying protein-nucleic acid interactions?
A.
Western blotting
B.
Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA)
C.
PCR amplification
D.
Flow cytometry
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Solution
Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) is commonly used to study protein-nucleic acid interactions by observing shifts in mobility during gel electrophoresis.
Correct Answer:
B
— Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA)
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Q. Which protein is primarily involved in the unwinding of DNA during replication?
A.
DNA polymerase
B.
Helicase
C.
Ligase
D.
Topoisomerase
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Solution
Helicase is the enzyme responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication, allowing access for other proteins.
Correct Answer:
B
— Helicase
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Q. Which type of bond is primarily responsible for the interaction between proteins and nucleic acids?
A.
Ionic bonds
B.
Hydrogen bonds
C.
Covalent bonds
D.
Van der Waals forces
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Solution
Hydrogen bonds are crucial for the specific interactions between proteins and nucleic acids, allowing for the recognition of specific sequences.
Correct Answer:
B
— Hydrogen bonds
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Q. Which type of nucleic acid is primarily involved in protein synthesis?
A.
DNA
B.
mRNA
C.
tRNA
D.
rRNA
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Solution
mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.
Correct Answer:
B
— mRNA
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