Q. In immunohistochemistry, what is the role of the primary antibody?
-
A.
To bind to the target antigen
-
B.
To amplify the signal
-
C.
To visualize the tissue
-
D.
To fix the tissue sample
Solution
In immunohistochemistry, the primary antibody binds specifically to the target antigen in the tissue sample.
Correct Answer:
A
— To bind to the target antigen
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Q. What is the main advantage of using recombinant antibodies?
-
A.
They can be produced in large quantities
-
B.
They are more stable than natural antibodies
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C.
They can be engineered for specific functions
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D.
All of the above
Solution
Recombinant antibodies can be produced in large quantities, are often more stable, and can be engineered for specific functions.
Correct Answer:
D
— All of the above
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Q. What is the main application of the complement fixation test?
-
A.
To detect the presence of specific antibodies
-
B.
To measure cell proliferation
-
C.
To isolate DNA
-
D.
To visualize cellular structures
Solution
The complement fixation test is primarily used to detect the presence of specific antibodies in a patient's serum.
Correct Answer:
A
— To detect the presence of specific antibodies
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Q. What is the main function of flow cytometry?
-
A.
To analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of cells
-
B.
To culture bacteria
-
C.
To perform genetic sequencing
-
D.
To visualize cellular structures
Solution
Flow cytometry is primarily used to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of cells in a fluid as they pass through a laser.
Correct Answer:
A
— To analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of cells
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Q. What is the primary purpose of ELISA in immunology?
-
A.
To measure the concentration of antibodies
-
B.
To isolate specific cells
-
C.
To visualize tissue samples
-
D.
To amplify DNA
Solution
ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) is primarily used to measure the concentration of antibodies or antigens in a sample.
Correct Answer:
A
— To measure the concentration of antibodies
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Q. What is the purpose of using a secondary antibody in immunological assays?
-
A.
To bind to the primary antibody
-
B.
To enhance the immune response
-
C.
To isolate specific cells
-
D.
To fix the sample
Solution
The secondary antibody binds to the primary antibody and is often conjugated to a detectable marker to enhance signal detection.
Correct Answer:
A
— To bind to the primary antibody
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Q. Which immunological technique is used to separate proteins based on their size?
-
A.
Western blotting
-
B.
Flow cytometry
-
C.
Immunofluorescence
-
D.
PCR
Solution
Western blotting is used to separate proteins based on their size and then detect specific proteins using antibodies.
Correct Answer:
A
— Western blotting
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Q. Which immunological technique uses fluorescent dyes to visualize cells?
-
A.
Immunofluorescence
-
B.
ELISA
-
C.
Western blotting
-
D.
PCR
Solution
Immunofluorescence uses fluorescent dyes to visualize the presence and location of specific proteins or antigens in cells.
Correct Answer:
A
— Immunofluorescence
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Q. Which of the following is a key feature of monoclonal antibodies?
-
A.
They are produced from a single clone of B cells
-
B.
They can bind to multiple antigens
-
C.
They are derived from natural immune responses
-
D.
They are always polyclonal
Solution
Monoclonal antibodies are produced from a single clone of B cells, making them specific to a single epitope.
Correct Answer:
A
— They are produced from a single clone of B cells
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Q. Which technique is commonly used to detect specific DNA sequences?
-
A.
Western blotting
-
B.
PCR
-
C.
ELISA
-
D.
Flow cytometry
Solution
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is commonly used to detect and amplify specific DNA sequences.
Correct Answer:
B
— PCR
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