Q. What is the primary function of antibodies in the immune system?
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A.
To transport oxygen in the blood
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B.
To neutralize pathogens
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C.
To produce hormones
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D.
To regulate body temperature
Solution
Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that specifically recognize and neutralize pathogens such as bacteria and viruses.
Correct Answer:
B
— To neutralize pathogens
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Q. What is the role of IgE antibodies?
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A.
To fight bacterial infections
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B.
To mediate allergic reactions
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C.
To activate complement system
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D.
To enhance phagocytosis
Solution
IgE antibodies are primarily involved in allergic reactions and responses to parasitic infections.
Correct Answer:
B
— To mediate allergic reactions
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Q. What is the role of monoclonal antibodies in medicine?
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A.
To enhance immune response
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B.
To target specific cells or proteins
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C.
To replace missing antibodies
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D.
To prevent infections
Solution
Monoclonal antibodies are designed to target specific cells or proteins, making them useful in treatments for various diseases, including cancer.
Correct Answer:
B
— To target specific cells or proteins
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Q. What is the structure of an antibody?
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A.
Single polypeptide chain
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B.
Two heavy and two light chains
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C.
Three heavy chains
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D.
Four light chains
Solution
Antibodies are composed of two heavy chains and two light chains, forming a Y-shaped structure that allows for antigen binding.
Correct Answer:
B
— Two heavy and two light chains
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Q. What is the term for the ability of antibodies to bind specifically to antigens?
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A.
Affinity
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B.
Specificity
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C.
Cross-reactivity
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D.
Neutralization
Solution
Affinity refers to the strength of the interaction between an antibody and its specific antigen.
Correct Answer:
B
— Specificity
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Q. Which antibody is associated with blood group incompatibility in transfusions?
-
A.
IgG
-
B.
IgM
-
C.
IgA
-
D.
IgE
Solution
IgM antibodies can cause agglutination of red blood cells in cases of blood group incompatibility during transfusions.
Correct Answer:
B
— IgM
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Q. Which antibody is primarily found in mucosal areas such as the gut and respiratory tract?
-
A.
IgG
-
B.
IgA
-
C.
IgM
-
D.
IgD
Solution
IgA is the main antibody found in mucosal areas, providing a first line of defense against pathogens entering through mucosal surfaces.
Correct Answer:
B
— IgA
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Q. Which type of antibody is most abundant in the bloodstream?
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A.
IgA
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B.
IgM
-
C.
IgG
-
D.
IgE
Solution
IgG is the most abundant antibody in the bloodstream, playing a crucial role in the body's defense against infections.
Correct Answer:
C
— IgG
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Q. Which type of antibody is produced first during an initial immune response?
-
A.
IgG
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B.
IgA
-
C.
IgM
-
D.
IgE
Solution
IgM is the first antibody produced in response to an infection, providing early defense before IgG levels rise.
Correct Answer:
C
— IgM
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