Q. In biological systems, what does Gibbs free energy indicate?
-
A.
The total energy of a system
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B.
The spontaneity of a process
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C.
The temperature of the system
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D.
The pressure exerted by gases
Solution
Gibbs free energy indicates the spontaneity of a process; a negative change indicates a spontaneous reaction.
Correct Answer:
B
— The spontaneity of a process
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Q. What does a negative ΔG value signify in a biochemical reaction?
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A.
The reaction is at equilibrium
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B.
The reaction is non-spontaneous
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C.
The reaction is spontaneous
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D.
The reaction requires energy input
Solution
A negative ΔG value indicates that the reaction is spontaneous and can occur without external energy input.
Correct Answer:
C
— The reaction is spontaneous
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Q. What is the effect of temperature on enzyme activity according to thermodynamic principles?
-
A.
Increases indefinitely
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B.
Decreases indefinitely
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C.
Increases to an optimal point then decreases
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D.
Has no effect
Solution
Enzyme activity typically increases with temperature to an optimal point, after which it decreases due to denaturation.
Correct Answer:
C
— Increases to an optimal point then decreases
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Q. What is the primary function of thermodynamics in biological systems?
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A.
To regulate blood pressure
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B.
To determine energy transfer and transformation
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C.
To control hormone levels
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D.
To manage immune responses
Solution
Thermodynamics helps in understanding how energy is transferred and transformed in biological systems.
Correct Answer:
B
— To determine energy transfer and transformation
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Q. What is the role of ATP in cellular thermodynamics?
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A.
Storage of genetic information
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B.
Energy currency of the cell
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C.
Structural component of membranes
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D.
Signal transduction
Solution
ATP serves as the energy currency of the cell, providing energy for various biochemical processes.
Correct Answer:
B
— Energy currency of the cell
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Q. What is the significance of the equilibrium constant (K) in thermodynamics?
-
A.
It indicates the speed of a reaction
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B.
It determines the direction of a reaction
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C.
It reflects the ratio of products to reactants at equilibrium
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D.
It measures the energy change of a reaction
Solution
The equilibrium constant (K) reflects the ratio of products to reactants at equilibrium, indicating the extent of the reaction.
Correct Answer:
C
— It reflects the ratio of products to reactants at equilibrium
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Q. Which of the following is a consequence of the Second Law of Thermodynamics in biological systems?
-
A.
Energy is conserved
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B.
Entropy tends to increase
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C.
Reactions are reversible
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D.
Energy is created
Solution
The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease over time.
Correct Answer:
B
— Entropy tends to increase
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