Q. What is the characteristic feature of Clostridium species in laboratory culture?
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A.
Aerobic growth
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B.
Facultative anaerobic growth
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C.
Strict anaerobic growth
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D.
Microaerophilic growth
Solution
Clostridium species are strict anaerobes, meaning they grow in the absence of oxygen.
Correct Answer:
C
— Strict anaerobic growth
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Q. What is the main mode of transmission for Clostridium perfringens?
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A.
Airborne
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B.
Fecal-oral
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C.
Contaminated food
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D.
Direct contact
Solution
Clostridium perfringens is primarily transmitted through contaminated food, leading to food poisoning.
Correct Answer:
C
— Contaminated food
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Q. What is the primary prevention method for Clostridium botulinum poisoning?
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A.
Vaccination
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B.
Proper food preservation
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C.
Antibiotic prophylaxis
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D.
Hand hygiene
Solution
Proper food preservation techniques, such as canning, are essential to prevent Clostridium botulinum poisoning.
Correct Answer:
B
— Proper food preservation
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Q. What is the primary toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum?
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A.
Tetanospasmin
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B.
Botulinum toxin
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C.
Alpha toxin
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D.
Enterotoxin
Solution
Clostridium botulinum produces botulinum toxin, which is responsible for the symptoms of botulism.
Correct Answer:
B
— Botulinum toxin
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Q. What is the primary treatment for Clostridium difficile infection?
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A.
Vancomycin
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B.
Metronidazole
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C.
Ciprofloxacin
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D.
Amoxicillin
Solution
Vancomycin is commonly used as a first-line treatment for Clostridium difficile infection.
Correct Answer:
A
— Vancomycin
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Q. Which disease is primarily associated with Clostridium difficile?
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A.
Tetanus
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B.
Botulism
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C.
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea
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D.
Gas gangrene
Solution
Clostridium difficile is known for causing antibiotic-associated diarrhea, particularly after antibiotic treatment.
Correct Answer:
C
— Antibiotic-associated diarrhea
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Q. Which of the following is a common clinical manifestation of Clostridium tetani infection?
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A.
Flaccid paralysis
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B.
Spastic paralysis
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C.
Diarrhea
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D.
Fever
Solution
Clostridium tetani causes spastic paralysis, characterized by muscle stiffness and spasms.
Correct Answer:
B
— Spastic paralysis
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Q. Which of the following is a risk factor for Clostridium difficile infection?
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A.
High fiber diet
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B.
Long-term antibiotic use
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C.
Regular exercise
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D.
Probiotics
Solution
Long-term antibiotic use is a significant risk factor for Clostridium difficile infection due to disruption of normal gut flora.
Correct Answer:
B
— Long-term antibiotic use
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Q. Which of the following is NOT a type of toxin produced by Clostridium perfringens?
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A.
Alpha toxin
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B.
Beta toxin
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C.
Epsilon toxin
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D.
Gamma toxin
Solution
Clostridium perfringens produces alpha, beta, and epsilon toxins, but not gamma toxin.
Correct Answer:
D
— Gamma toxin
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