Q. What is the primary mechanism of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria?
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A.
Transformation
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B.
Transduction
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C.
Conjugation
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D.
All of the above
Solution
Horizontal gene transfer can occur through transformation, transduction, and conjugation, making 'All of the above' the correct answer.
Correct Answer:
D
— All of the above
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Q. What is the role of competence factors in transformation?
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A.
To facilitate cell division
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B.
To enhance DNA uptake
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C.
To inhibit gene transfer
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D.
To promote transduction
Solution
Competence factors enhance the ability of bacteria to take up DNA from their environment during transformation.
Correct Answer:
B
— To enhance DNA uptake
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Q. What is the significance of plasmids in bacterial gene transfer?
-
A.
They are essential for binary fission
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B.
They can carry antibiotic resistance genes
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C.
They are only found in pathogenic bacteria
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D.
They do not participate in gene transfer
Solution
Plasmids can carry antibiotic resistance genes and are important in horizontal gene transfer.
Correct Answer:
B
— They can carry antibiotic resistance genes
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Q. What is the term for the transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another via a pilus?
-
A.
Transformation
-
B.
Transduction
-
C.
Conjugation
-
D.
Replication
Solution
Conjugation is the transfer of genetic material through a pilus between bacteria.
Correct Answer:
C
— Conjugation
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Q. What role do bacteriophages play in gene transfer?
-
A.
They cause mutations
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B.
They facilitate transduction
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C.
They promote conjugation
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D.
They inhibit transformation
Solution
Bacteriophages facilitate transduction by transferring genetic material between bacteria.
Correct Answer:
B
— They facilitate transduction
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Q. Which of the following best describes transduction?
-
A.
Transfer of DNA via direct contact
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B.
Transfer of DNA via bacteriophages
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C.
Uptake of free DNA from the environment
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D.
Replication of plasmids
Solution
Transduction is the transfer of DNA between bacteria via bacteriophages.
Correct Answer:
B
— Transfer of DNA via bacteriophages
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Q. Which of the following is a method of gene transfer that requires direct contact between bacterial cells?
-
A.
Transformation
-
B.
Transduction
-
C.
Conjugation
-
D.
None of the above
Solution
Conjugation requires direct contact between bacterial cells to transfer genetic material.
Correct Answer:
C
— Conjugation
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Q. Which of the following is NOT a method of horizontal gene transfer?
-
A.
Transformation
-
B.
Transduction
-
C.
Conjugation
-
D.
Mitosis
Solution
Mitosis is a process of cell division and is not a method of horizontal gene transfer.
Correct Answer:
D
— Mitosis
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Q. Which process involves the uptake of naked DNA by a bacterial cell?
-
A.
Transduction
-
B.
Conjugation
-
C.
Transformation
-
D.
Binary fission
Solution
Transformation is the process where bacteria take up naked DNA from their environment.
Correct Answer:
C
— Transformation
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Q. Which type of gene transfer is most commonly associated with antibiotic resistance?
-
A.
Transformation
-
B.
Transduction
-
C.
Conjugation
-
D.
All of the above
Solution
All of the above methods can contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance among bacteria.
Correct Answer:
D
— All of the above
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