Q. During DNA replication, which direction does the DNA polymerase synthesize the new strand?
-
A.
5' to 3'
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B.
3' to 5'
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C.
Both directions
-
D.
Randomly
Solution
DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands in the 5' to 3' direction.
Correct Answer:
A
— 5' to 3'
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Q. What are Okazaki fragments?
-
A.
Short DNA segments on the leading strand
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B.
Short DNA segments on the lagging strand
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C.
RNA primers
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D.
Mutated DNA segments
Solution
Okazaki fragments are short segments of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication.
Correct Answer:
B
— Short DNA segments on the lagging strand
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Q. What is the function of DNA ligase during replication?
-
A.
Unwinding DNA
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B.
Synthesizing RNA primers
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C.
Joining Okazaki fragments
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D.
Proofreading DNA
Solution
DNA ligase joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand to create a continuous DNA strand.
Correct Answer:
C
— Joining Okazaki fragments
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Q. What is the primary enzyme responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands during replication?
-
A.
DNA polymerase
-
B.
RNA polymerase
-
C.
Ligase
-
D.
Helicase
Solution
DNA polymerase is the enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand.
Correct Answer:
A
— DNA polymerase
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Q. What is the role of single-strand binding proteins (SSBs) during DNA replication?
-
A.
Preventing DNA from re-annealing
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B.
Synthesizing new DNA strands
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C.
Repairing DNA
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D.
Unwinding DNA
Solution
Single-strand binding proteins bind to single-stranded DNA to prevent it from re-annealing during replication.
Correct Answer:
A
— Preventing DNA from re-annealing
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Q. Which of the following is required to initiate DNA replication?
-
A.
RNA primer
-
B.
DNA ligase
-
C.
DNA helicase
-
D.
DNA polymerase
Solution
An RNA primer is required to provide a starting point for DNA polymerase to begin synthesis.
Correct Answer:
A
— RNA primer
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Q. Which of the following statements about DNA replication is true?
-
A.
It is a conservative process
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B.
It is a semi-conservative process
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C.
It is a dispersive process
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D.
It occurs only in prokaryotes
Solution
DNA replication is a semi-conservative process, meaning each new DNA molecule consists of one old strand and one new strand.
Correct Answer:
B
— It is a semi-conservative process
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Q. Which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
-
A.
G1 phase
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B.
S phase
-
C.
G2 phase
-
D.
M phase
Solution
DNA replication occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle.
Correct Answer:
B
— S phase
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