Q. What is the primary function of plasmids in bacteria?
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A.
Energy production
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B.
Antibiotic resistance
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C.
Protein synthesis
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D.
Cell division
Solution
Plasmids often carry genes that provide bacteria with antibiotic resistance, allowing them to survive in hostile environments.
Correct Answer:
B
— Antibiotic resistance
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Q. What is the primary mechanism by which antibiotic resistance genes are spread among bacteria?
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A.
Vertical gene transfer
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B.
Horizontal gene transfer
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C.
Mutation
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D.
Natural selection
Solution
Horizontal gene transfer is the primary mechanism by which antibiotic resistance genes are spread among bacteria.
Correct Answer:
B
— Horizontal gene transfer
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Q. What is the role of the F factor in bacterial conjugation?
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A.
It encodes for ribosomal RNA
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B.
It facilitates the formation of a pilus
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C.
It is involved in DNA replication
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D.
It regulates metabolic pathways
Solution
The F factor (fertility factor) encodes the genes necessary for the formation of a pilus, enabling conjugation.
Correct Answer:
B
— It facilitates the formation of a pilus
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Q. What is the significance of the lac operon in E. coli?
-
A.
It regulates amino acid synthesis
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B.
It controls lactose metabolism
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C.
It is involved in DNA repair
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D.
It facilitates cell division
Solution
The lac operon is a set of genes that regulates the metabolism of lactose in E. coli, allowing it to utilize lactose as an energy source.
Correct Answer:
B
— It controls lactose metabolism
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Q. What type of genetic material do bacteriophages inject into bacterial cells?
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A.
RNA
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B.
DNA
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C.
Protein
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D.
Lipids
Solution
Bacteriophages typically inject DNA into bacterial cells, which can then integrate into the host genome.
Correct Answer:
B
— DNA
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Q. Which enzyme is responsible for the unwinding of DNA during replication?
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A.
DNA polymerase
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B.
Helicase
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C.
Ligase
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D.
Primase
Solution
Helicase is the enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix, allowing replication to occur.
Correct Answer:
B
— Helicase
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Q. Which mutation type results in a change in a single amino acid in a protein?
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A.
Silent mutation
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B.
Nonsense mutation
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C.
Missense mutation
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D.
Frameshift mutation
Solution
A missense mutation results in a change in a single amino acid in a protein, potentially altering its function.
Correct Answer:
C
— Missense mutation
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Q. Which of the following is a method of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria?
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A.
Binary fission
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B.
Mitosis
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C.
Transformation
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D.
Meiosis
Solution
Transformation is a method of horizontal gene transfer where bacteria take up free DNA from their environment.
Correct Answer:
C
— Transformation
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Q. Which process involves the transfer of genetic material between bacteria through direct contact?
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A.
Transformation
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B.
Transduction
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C.
Conjugation
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D.
Replication
Solution
Conjugation is the process where genetic material is transferred between bacteria through direct contact, typically via a pilus.
Correct Answer:
C
— Conjugation
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