Q. In the context of database design, what does 'denormalization' refer to?
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A.
The process of reducing redundancy
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B.
The process of increasing redundancy for performance
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C.
The process of normalizing data
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D.
The process of creating indexes
Solution
Denormalization refers to the process of increasing redundancy in a database to improve performance, often at the cost of data integrity.
Correct Answer:
B
— The process of increasing redundancy for performance
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Q. In the context of DBMS architecture, what does the term 'data independence' mean?
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A.
Data can be accessed without a database
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B.
Changes to the data structure do not affect application programs
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C.
Data is stored in a single location
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D.
Data can be easily replicated
Solution
Data independence means that changes to the data structure do not require changes to application programs that access the data.
Correct Answer:
B
— Changes to the data structure do not affect application programs
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Q. In the context of DBMS architecture, what does the term 'physical data independence' mean?
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A.
Changes to the physical storage do not affect the logical schema
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B.
Changes to the logical schema do not affect the physical storage
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C.
Data can be accessed without knowing its physical location
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D.
Data can be stored in multiple formats
Solution
Physical data independence means that changes to the physical storage of data do not affect the logical schema of the database.
Correct Answer:
A
— Changes to the physical storage do not affect the logical schema
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Q. What is the main advantage of using a clustered index?
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A.
It allows for faster updates
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B.
It stores data in a sorted order
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C.
It reduces the need for normalization
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D.
It can be created on any column
Solution
A clustered index stores data in a sorted order based on the indexed column, which can significantly improve the performance of data retrieval.
Correct Answer:
B
— It stores data in a sorted order
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Q. Which normal form requires that a relation is in Second Normal Form and has no transitive dependencies?
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A.
First Normal Form
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B.
Second Normal Form
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C.
Third Normal Form
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D.
Boyce-Codd Normal Form
Solution
Third Normal Form (3NF) requires that a relation is in Second Normal Form and has no transitive dependencies.
Correct Answer:
C
— Third Normal Form
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of a star schema in database design?
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A.
Highly normalized structure
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B.
Central fact table with dimension tables
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C.
Complex relationships between tables
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D.
Use of many-to-many relationships
Solution
A star schema features a central fact table surrounded by dimension tables, providing a simple and efficient structure for data analysis.
Correct Answer:
B
— Central fact table with dimension tables
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Q. Which of the following is NOT a property of transactions in a database?
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A.
Atomicity
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B.
Consistency
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C.
Isolation
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D.
Redundancy
Solution
Redundancy is not a property of transactions; the properties are known as ACID: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability.
Correct Answer:
D
— Redundancy
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