Q. In DBMS architecture, what is the purpose of the data abstraction layer?
A.
To manage user access
B.
To provide a user interface
C.
To separate physical storage from logical data structures
D.
To optimize query performance
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Solution
The data abstraction layer separates physical storage from logical data structures, allowing users to interact with data without needing to know how it is stored.
Correct Answer:
C
— To separate physical storage from logical data structures
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Q. In the context of transactions, what does ACID stand for?
A.
Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability
B.
Atomicity, Concurrency, Integrity, Durability
C.
Accuracy, Consistency, Isolation, Durability
D.
Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Data
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Solution
ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability, which are the properties that guarantee reliable transactions.
Correct Answer:
A
— Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability
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Q. What is a potential issue with concurrent transactions in a database?
A.
Data redundancy
B.
Data inconsistency
C.
Increased performance
D.
Simplified queries
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Solution
Concurrent transactions can lead to data inconsistency if not managed properly, as multiple transactions may attempt to read and write the same data simultaneously.
Correct Answer:
B
— Data inconsistency
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Q. What is the main goal of transaction management in a DBMS?
A.
To ensure data redundancy
B.
To maintain data integrity
C.
To improve performance
D.
To simplify queries
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Solution
The main goal of transaction management is to maintain data integrity by ensuring that transactions are processed reliably.
Correct Answer:
B
— To maintain data integrity
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Q. What is the purpose of a data dictionary in a DBMS?
A.
To store user data
B.
To define the structure of the database
C.
To manage user access
D.
To optimize query performance
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Solution
A data dictionary defines the structure of the database, including tables, fields, data types, and relationships.
Correct Answer:
B
— To define the structure of the database
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Q. What is the purpose of an index in a database?
A.
To store data
B.
To speed up data retrieval
C.
To enforce data integrity
D.
To manage user access
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Solution
An index is used to speed up the retrieval of rows from a database table by providing a quick lookup mechanism.
Correct Answer:
B
— To speed up data retrieval
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Q. Which of the following is a benefit of using indexing in a database?
A.
Increased data redundancy
B.
Faster data retrieval
C.
Simplified database design
D.
Reduced storage requirements
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Solution
Indexing improves the speed of data retrieval operations on a database table.
Correct Answer:
B
— Faster data retrieval
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of a primary key?
A.
It can contain duplicate values
B.
It can be null
C.
It uniquely identifies a record in a table
D.
It can be changed frequently
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Solution
A primary key uniquely identifies each record in a table and cannot contain duplicate values or be null.
Correct Answer:
C
— It uniquely identifies a record in a table
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Q. Which of the following is a characteristic of a star schema in data warehousing?
A.
Highly normalized structure
B.
Central fact table with dimension tables
C.
Multiple fact tables
D.
Complex relationships between tables
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Solution
A star schema features a central fact table surrounded by dimension tables, making it easy to query and understand.
Correct Answer:
B
— Central fact table with dimension tables
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Q. Which of the following is a disadvantage of normalization?
A.
Increased data redundancy
B.
Complex queries
C.
Improved data integrity
D.
Reduced data anomalies
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Solution
Normalization can lead to complex queries because data is spread across multiple tables, requiring more joins to retrieve related data.
Correct Answer:
B
— Complex queries
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Q. Which of the following is NOT a type of database architecture?
A.
Single-tier architecture
B.
Two-tier architecture
C.
Three-tier architecture
D.
Multi-dimensional architecture
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Solution
Multi-dimensional architecture is not a standard type of database architecture; the common types are single-tier, two-tier, and three-tier.
Correct Answer:
D
— Multi-dimensional architecture
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Q. Which of the following is NOT a type of database index?
A.
Unique index
B.
Clustered index
C.
Non-clustered index
D.
Composite index
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Solution
All listed options are types of database indexes; however, 'Composite index' is not a standard term used in the same way as the others.
Correct Answer:
D
— Composite index
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