Q. In the context of concurrency control, what does 'locking' refer to?
A.
Preventing data from being accessed by multiple users simultaneously
B.
Encrypting data for security
C.
Creating backups of the database
D.
Indexing data for faster retrieval
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Solution
Locking refers to preventing data from being accessed by multiple users simultaneously to maintain data integrity during transactions.
Correct Answer:
A
— Preventing data from being accessed by multiple users simultaneously
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Q. What does the term 'functional dependency' mean in the context of databases?
A.
One attribute uniquely determines another attribute
B.
Attributes are dependent on the database schema
C.
Data is stored in a hierarchical manner
D.
Data is replicated across multiple tables
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Solution
Functional dependency means that one attribute uniquely determines another attribute in a relation.
Correct Answer:
A
— One attribute uniquely determines another attribute
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Q. What is a functional dependency in the context of relational databases?
A.
A relationship between two tables
B.
A constraint that describes the relationship between attributes
C.
A method of indexing data
D.
A type of normalization
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Solution
A functional dependency describes a constraint between two attributes in a relation, indicating that the value of one attribute is determined by the value of another.
Correct Answer:
B
— A constraint that describes the relationship between attributes
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Q. What is a surrogate key?
A.
A natural key derived from the data
B.
A key that is created for the purpose of uniquely identifying a record
C.
A composite key made of multiple attributes
D.
A foreign key that references another table
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Solution
A surrogate key is a key that is created for the purpose of uniquely identifying a record, often an auto-incremented number.
Correct Answer:
B
— A key that is created for the purpose of uniquely identifying a record
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Q. What is the primary purpose of normalization in a relational database?
A.
To increase data redundancy
B.
To eliminate data anomalies
C.
To improve query performance
D.
To simplify database design
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Solution
Normalization is primarily used to eliminate data anomalies and ensure data integrity by organizing data into related tables.
Correct Answer:
B
— To eliminate data anomalies
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Q. What is the purpose of a primary key in a relational database?
A.
To uniquely identify each record in a table
B.
To create relationships between tables
C.
To enforce data integrity
D.
To improve query performance
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Solution
A primary key is used to uniquely identify each record in a table, ensuring that no two records have the same key value.
Correct Answer:
A
— To uniquely identify each record in a table
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Q. Which normal form is achieved when a relation is in 3NF and every determinant is a candidate key?
A.
First Normal Form (1NF)
B.
Second Normal Form (2NF)
C.
Third Normal Form (3NF)
D.
Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
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Solution
Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) is achieved when a relation is in 3NF and every determinant is a candidate key.
Correct Answer:
D
— Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
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Q. Which normal form is achieved when a table is in 3NF and every determinant is a candidate key?
A.
First Normal Form (1NF)
B.
Second Normal Form (2NF)
C.
Third Normal Form (3NF)
D.
Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
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Solution
Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) is achieved when a table is in 3NF and every determinant is a candidate key.
Correct Answer:
D
— Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
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Q. Which normal form requires that a relation is in 1NF and has no partial dependencies?
A.
First Normal Form (1NF)
B.
Second Normal Form (2NF)
C.
Third Normal Form (3NF)
D.
Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
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Solution
Second Normal Form (2NF) requires that a relation is in 1NF and has no partial dependencies on a composite primary key.
Correct Answer:
B
— Second Normal Form (2NF)
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Q. Which normal form requires that a table is in 1NF and has no partial dependencies?
A.
First Normal Form (1NF)
B.
Second Normal Form (2NF)
C.
Third Normal Form (3NF)
D.
Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
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Solution
Second Normal Form (2NF) requires that a table is in 1NF and has no partial dependencies.
Correct Answer:
B
— Second Normal Form (2NF)
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Q. Which of the following is a potential problem that normalization aims to solve?
A.
Data redundancy
B.
Data encryption
C.
Data visualization
D.
Data migration
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Solution
Normalization aims to solve data redundancy by organizing data into separate tables to minimize duplication.
Correct Answer:
A
— Data redundancy
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