The Nile River is traditionally considered the longest river in the world, measuring about 6,650 kilometers.

Plasma is composed of approximately 90% water, with proteins, electrolytes, and nutrients making up the remaining 10%.

Butane has the molecular formula C4H10.

Calcium (Ca) is the most abundant alkaline earth metal in the Earth's crust.

Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, making up about 75% of its elemental mass.

Protium, which has no neutrons, is the most abundant isotope of hydrogen, making up about 99.98% of hydrogen found in nature.

P2O5 is the most acidic oxide among the given options, as it forms phosphoric acid in water.

P2O5 (phosphorus pentoxide) is the most acidic oxide among the given options.

Fluorine is the most electronegative element in the p-block.

Fluorine is the most electronegative element in the periodic table.

Rubidium (Rb) is the most electropositive element among the given options.

Potassium (K) is more reactive than Sodium (Na) and Lithium (Li) due to its larger atomic size and lower ionization energy.

Lead commonly exhibits a +4 oxidation state, although +2 is also stable, +4 is more stable in many compounds.

The most stable oxidation state of nitrogen is +5, as seen in compounds like nitric acid.

The sequence is a geometric progression where each term is multiplied by 2. The next number is 16 * 2 = 32.

The series is the Fibonacci sequence where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones. Thus, 5 + 8 = 13.

The Renaissance was a cultural movement, while the others are significant historical events related to conflict and economic turmoil.

All numbers except 12 are odd multiples of 3. 12 is even.

Plastic is a polymer, while the others are metals.

The Crust is the outermost layer of the Earth, lying above the mantle.

First, evaluate A AND B which is 1 AND 1 = 1. Then NOT 1 = 0.

In this reaction, MnO4⁻ is reduced to Mn²⁺, thus it acts as the oxidizing agent.

The greenhouse effect is primarily caused by a combination of deforestation, industrial emissions, and agricultural practices that increase greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

The biceps brachii is the primary muscle responsible for flexing the elbow joint.

The deltoid muscle is the primary muscle responsible for the abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint.

The minimum value of f(x) is -4 when x=0, so the range is [-4, ∞).

The function f(x) = x^2 is non-negative for all real x, hence the range is all non-negative real numbers.

The minimum value of |x - 1| is 0 when x = 1, so the range is [0, ∞).

Using the power of a power property, (a^m)^n = a^(m*n), we get (2^3)^2 = 2^(3*2) = 2^6.

Using the power of a power property, we multiply the exponents: (x^2)^2 = x^4 and (y^3)^2 = y^6.