Green light is least effective for photosynthesis because it is mostly reflected by chlorophyll.

Blue light is most effective for photosynthesis as it is absorbed strongly by chlorophyll.

The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana, launched in 2015, aims to provide affordable housing to the urban poor.

The Skill India Mission, launched in 2015, aims to provide skill training to the youth to enhance their employability.

The author expresses an urgent sentiment towards environmental conservation, stressing its importance.

The author expresses a hopeful sentiment towards conservation efforts, suggesting optimism for the future.

The author expresses indignation towards the growing economic inequality in society.

The author adopts an urgent tone, emphasizing the immediate need for environmental conservation efforts.

The author expresses frustration with current environmental policies, indicating a critical tone.

'Light' is the opposite of 'dark', just as 'hot' is the opposite of 'cold'.

'Therefore' indicates a cause-and-effect relationship.

'Therefore' indicates that his preparation was a result of his studying.

The author shows an understanding attitude, recognizing the concerns of skeptics while advocating for action.

The author views education as critical for raising awareness and fostering informed action on climate change.

The findings are described as groundbreaking, indicating their significant impact on the field.

The context suggests a positive reaction, making 'enthusiasm' the most fitting choice.

In the context of the passage, 'ameliorate' means to improve, making option B the correct replacement.

'Improve' is the best replacement for 'ameliorate', as both words convey the idea of making conditions better.

In the context of the passage, 'mitigate' means to reduce the severity of an issue, making 'reduce' the best replacement.

'Ubiquitous' means present everywhere or widespread, so 'common' is the best replacement in this context.

'Common' is the best replacement for 'ubiquitous', as it conveys the idea of smartphones being widely present in society.

Sad is the only word that conveys a negative emotion, while the others are positive.

Carrot is a vegetable, while the others are fruits.

Teacher is the only profession that is primarily educational, while the others are in the medical field.

Slow is the only word that indicates a lack of speed, while the others indicate speed.

Timid is an antonym of the other three words.

Learn is the only action that involves receiving knowledge, while the others involve giving knowledge.

'Arduous' means difficult, making option 2 the closest in meaning.

The word 'meticulous' means showing great attention to detail, which is closest in meaning to 'thorough'.

In the context of the passage, 'mitigate' means to reduce the severity of an issue, making 'reduce' the closest synonym.