Antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin or doxycycline are the primary treatment for anthrax infection.

Leishmania species are transmitted by the bite of infected sandflies.

Blood culture is the gold standard for diagnosing brucellosis, as it can detect the bacteria in the bloodstream.

Eukaryotic mRNA undergoes several modifications, including the addition of a poly-A tail at the 3' end.

Avocados are high in healthy monounsaturated fats, which are beneficial for heart health.

Quinoa is a complete protein, containing all nine essential amino acids.

Bacteriophages facilitate transduction by transferring genetic material between bacteria.

Cocci bacteria are spherical in shape.

A leaking can should be discarded immediately as it may indicate contamination.

Leftovers should be reheated to an internal temperature of 165°F to ensure safety.

Streptococci are bacteria that are arranged in chains.

T-cell receptors recognize processed peptide antigens that are presented by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules.

Bacilli, such as Bacillus and Clostridium species, are known for their ability to form endospores.

Bacilli, particularly those in the genera Bacillus and Clostridium, are known for their ability to form spores, which help them survive in harsh conditions.

Thermophiles are bacteria that thrive in high-temperature environments.

Obligate aerobes are primarily responsible for nitrification, a process that converts ammonia to nitrate in wastewater treatment.

Bacillus anthracis is classified as a bacillus, which refers to its rod-shaped structure.

Cyanobacteria are known for their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen in soil.

Vibrio cholerae typically causes profuse, watery diarrhea, often described as 'rice-water' stools.

Non-sporing anaerobes thrive in anaerobic environments where oxygen is absent.

Sauerkraut is made through lactic acid fermentation, which preserves the cabbage.

Raw shellfish, particularly oysters, are commonly associated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections.

Some viruses contain DNA, while others contain RNA; some can even have both.

Bacteriophages typically inject DNA into bacterial cells, which can then integrate into the host genome.

Retroviridae viruses contain single-stranded RNA as their genetic material.

Astroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome.

Streptococcus pyogenes exhibits beta hemolysis on blood agar.

Cell-mediated immunity is crucial in controlling Mycobacterium infections, particularly tuberculosis.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause a wide range of infections, including pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and sepsis in immunocompromised patients.

Enriched media are used to grow bacteria that require specific nutrients that are not present in standard media.