Angiosperms are characterized by the presence of flowers and fruit, which gymnosperms lack.

The primary classification rank in the plant kingdom is 'Kingdom'.

Cellulose is the main structural component of the plant cell wall, providing rigidity and strength.

Plants in the kingdom Plantae are primarily classified based on the presence of chlorophyll, which allows them to perform photosynthesis.

Plants are primarily classified based on the presence or absence of vascular tissue, which distinguishes vascular plants from non-vascular plants.

Plants are primarily classified based on their reproductive structures, which include flowers, seeds, and cones.

Natural selection is the primary driver of adaptive evolution, favoring traits that enhance survival and reproduction.

Transpiration pull is the primary driving force for water movement in plants, created by the evaporation of water from leaf surfaces.

Seed dispersal allows plants to colonize new habitats, reducing competition with parent plants and promoting genetic diversity.

Competition for light is a primary factor driving the evolution of plant morphology, influencing growth forms and structures.

Environmental pressures, such as competition and resource availability, primarily drive the evolution of plant traits.

Actinomycetes play a crucial role in the decomposition of organic matter, contributing to nutrient cycling in soil.

Antioxidants protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.

ATP and NADPH are primarily used for carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle during the dark reactions.

Auxins primarily stimulate root growth and are involved in various developmental processes.

Chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis as it captures light energy.

Chloroplasts are the organelles responsible for photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.

Collenchyma cells provide flexible support to young stems and leaves, allowing for growth and movement.

Collenchyma provides flexible support to young stems and leaves, allowing them to grow while maintaining structural integrity.

Cytokinins primarily promote cell division and growth in plants.

DNA stores genetic information that is essential for the growth, development, and reproduction of plants.

Essential oils are often used in aromatherapy for their calming and therapeutic effects.

Flavonoids protect plants from UV radiation and also have health benefits for humans.

Flowers are the reproductive structures of angiosperms, facilitating pollination and seed production.

Parenchyma cells primarily function in storage, as they can store starch, oils, and water.

Phloem is responsible for the transport of sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.

Phloem is responsible for the transport of sugars and nutrients produced during photosynthesis from the leaves to other parts of the plant.

Phytosterols help lower cholesterol levels in humans by competing with cholesterol absorption.

Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that help maintain a healthy gut microbiome and enhance digestion.

Root hairs increase the surface area for water and nutrient absorption from the soil.