Pteridophytes, like ferns, exhibit an alternation of generations with both gametophyte and sporophyte stages.

All of the mentioned groups (Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, and Pteridophytes) exhibit alternation of generations in their life cycles.

The distance from the origin to a point (x, y) is given by √(x² + y²). The point (0, 1) has a distance of 1, which is the smallest.

The point (2, 3) is the midpoint of the segment joining (1, 2) and (3, 4), making it equidistant from both.

Substituting (0, -4) into the equation gives 4(0) - 5(-4) + 20 = 0, which is true.

Substituting x = 2 into the equation y = 2(2) + 1 gives y = 5, so the point (2, 5) lies on the line.

Substituting x = 1 into the equation gives y = 1^2 - 4 = -3, so the point (1, -3) lies on the parabola.

To check if a point lies on the parabola, substitute the x-coordinate into the equation. For (2, 4), 4^2 = 16 and 8*2 = 16, so it lies on the parabola.

Land Reforms were aimed at redistributing land to the landless and ensuring equitable access to resources, thus promoting inclusive growth.

The Doctrine of Lapse was a policy that allowed the British to annex any princely state if the ruler died without a male heir, which contributed to the discontent leading to the Rebellion of 1857.

The Integrated Rural Development Programme was launched in the 1970s to provide employment and promote self-reliance among the rural poor.

Lead is a heavy metal that can be toxic to humans and the environment.

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are major contributors to smog formation, especially in urban areas.

Ozone at ground level is a major component of smog, formed by the reaction of sunlight with pollutants.

Nitrogen Dioxide is a major contributor to the formation of smog, particularly in urban areas.

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) is associated with respiratory problems and is a significant air pollutant.

Sulfur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are the main pollutants that contribute to the formation of acid rain.

Nitrogen dioxide is a key contributor to the formation of smog, especially in urban areas.

A concave hexagon has at least one interior angle greater than 180 degrees, which makes it a non-convex polygon.

The number of diagonals in a polygon is given by n(n-3)/2. For a hexagon (n=6), it has 9 diagonals, which is more than the others.

A star-shaped polygon has at least one interior angle greater than 180 degrees, making it concave.

A star-shaped polygon is an example of a non-convex polygon because it has points that point inward.

A concave hexagon has at least one interior angle greater than 180 degrees, making it a non-convex polygon.

Nylon is known for its high tensile strength and is commonly used in textiles and ropes.

Nylon-6,6 is produced by condensation polymerization, involving the reaction of diamines and dicarboxylic acids.

Natural rubber is a polymer made from the latex of rubber trees and is widely used in the production of rubber products.

Natural rubber is a polymer made from the latex of rubber trees and is widely used in the manufacture of rubber products.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is commonly used in the production of plastic bottles.

Natural rubber is a polymer made from the latex of rubber trees and is widely used in the production of rubber products.

Polyisoprene is a key polymer used in the production of synthetic rubber.