Diffraction is a phenomenon that leads to interference patterns, as it involves the bending of waves around obstacles.

Water droplets on a leaf demonstrate surface tension, as the cohesive forces between water molecules create a 'skin' on the surface.

Surface tension is responsible for capillary action, allowing liquids to rise in narrow tubes.

Viscosity describes the resistance of a fluid to flow, which is a key factor in fluid flow resistance.

Conduction is a mode of heat transfer and is not a characteristic of wave motion, while reflection, refraction, and diffraction are.

Conduction is a process of heat transfer and is not a characteristic of wave phenomena.

Floating of heavy objects is not a consequence of surface tension; it is due to buoyancy, while the other options are directly related to surface tension.

Prism dispersion involves refraction and not total internal reflection. The other options are phenomena that utilize total internal reflection.

Conduction is a mode of heat transfer and is not associated with wave phenomena.

The photoelectric effect is explained by quantum mechanics and particle nature of light, not by wave optics.

Floating of heavy objects is not related to surface tension; it is related to buoyancy. The other phenomena are directly influenced by surface tension.

Capillary action is primarily due to surface tension, as it allows liquids to rise in narrow tubes against gravity.

Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another due to a change in its speed.

The blue color of the sky is primarily due to Rayleigh scattering, which scatters shorter wavelengths of light more than longer wavelengths.

The formation of a rainbow is primarily due to the refraction and dispersion of light in water droplets.

Existentialism focuses on individual experience and the subjective interpretation of existence and truth.

The essence of the author's argument is that innovation drives progress, as emphasized throughout the passage.

The phrase 'A necessary change for a better future' encapsulates the passage's message about the need for progress.

The phrase 'the main point' accurately captures the essence of 'the crux of the matter'.

Industrial expansion contradicts the theme of environmental conservation, while the others promote it.

A stitch in time saves nine is about timely action, while the others focus on the value of actions or habits.

Individual effort is paramount contradicts the theme of teamwork, which emphasizes collaboration.

He was unprepared contradicts the positive outcomes suggested by the other phrases.

The benefits of a healthy diet do not connect with the theme of education and learning.

The phrase 'a cycle of disadvantage' reflects the ongoing nature of systemic inequality discussed in the passage.

The phrase 'On the contrary,' signals a shift in the author's argument, introducing a contrasting viewpoint.

The phrase 'We must strive for equity' indicates a call to action, urging readers to take steps towards addressing inequalities.

Industrial expansion often leads to increased resource consumption and environmental degradation, making it the least related to sustainability.

Isolation and solitude are contrary to the theme of friendship, which is built on connection and companionship.

The Chola dynasty is noted for its extensive development of irrigation canals which significantly enhanced agricultural productivity.