Lithium is used in fireworks to produce a bright red color.

Lithium (Li) is used in fireworks to produce a bright red color.

Sodium is commonly used in fireworks for its bright yellow color.

Na2CO3 is a salt of a weak acid (H2CO3) and a strong base (NaOH), thus it will produce a basic solution.

For a 3p electron, n=3 and l=1. The magnetic quantum number m_l can be -1, 0, or +1.

For a 4d orbital, n=4 and l=2. The m_l value can be -2, -1, 0, +1, +2.

For l=0, m_l can only be 0. Therefore, n=1, l=0, m_l=1 is not allowed.

For l=1, m_l can only be -1, 0, or +1. Therefore, m_l=2 is not possible.

CaCl2 dissociates into 3 ions (Ca^2+ and 2 Cl^-), leading to the highest boiling point elevation among the options.

Concentration in terms of molarity: 0.1 M NaCl = 0.1, 0.2 M KCl = 0.2, 0.05 M CaCl2 = 0.15 (0.05*3), 0.3 M MgSO4 = 0.3. Highest is 0.3 M MgSO4.

0.1 M MgCl2 will have the highest boiling point due to the highest van 't Hoff factor (i = 3).

MgCl2 dissociates into 3 ions, leading to the greatest freezing point depression among the options.

MgCl2 dissociates into 3 ions, leading to the highest number of solute particles and thus the lowest vapor pressure.

In SF4, the sulfur atom is sp3d hybridized, resulting in a seesaw molecular geometry.

F2 has a bond order of 1, calculated as (8 bonding electrons - 6 antibonding electrons)/2 = 1.

In CCl4, the central carbon atom is sp3 hybridized, forming a tetrahedral geometry.

CO2 has a linear geometry due to the sp hybridization of the carbon atom.

BeCl2 has two bonding pairs and no lone pairs, resulting in a linear molecular geometry.

BeCl2 has two bonding pairs and no lone pairs, resulting in a linear shape.

CH4 has a tetrahedral shape due to sp3 hybridization of the carbon atom.

PCl5 has five bonding pairs and no lone pairs, resulting in a trigonal bipyramidal geometry.

C2H4 (ethylene) has a carbon-carbon double bond, and each carbon is sp2 hybridized.

O2+ has a bond order of 2.5, which is higher than O2 (2), O2- (1.5), and O2 2- (1).

In the given reaction, MnO4- is reduced to Mn^2+.

Alcohols have higher boiling points than alkanes due to hydrogen bonding.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons, meaning they contain only single bonds between carbon atoms.

Alkenes can undergo polymerization due to the presence of a double bond.

Alkynes are generally less reactive than alkenes due to the stability of the triple bond.

Alkynes have a higher boiling point than alkenes due to stronger intermolecular forces.

Amines generally have lower boiling points than alcohols due to the absence of hydrogen bonding in tertiary amines.