The Freundlich adsorption isotherm is applicable to heterogeneous surfaces and describes multilayer adsorption.

For a spontaneous process, the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) is less than 0 (ΔG < 0).

A negative Gibbs free energy change (ΔG < 0) indicates that the process is spontaneous.

Heat capacity depends on the amount of substance; it is not a constant value.

The International Date Line is located at 180° longitude.

The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be transformed from one form to another.

2500 has 2 significant figures unless specified with a decimal point.

The period of a satellite in a low Earth orbit is shorter than that of a satellite in a high Earth orbit due to the stronger gravitational pull.

A satellite in a low Earth orbit has a shorter orbital period compared to a geostationary satellite due to its closer proximity to Earth.

A cubic function can have at most three real roots, and it is guaranteed to have at least one real root due to the Intermediate Value Theorem.

A polynomial of odd degree must have at least one real root due to the Intermediate Value Theorem.

The polynomial can be factored as (x + 2)^2, indicating it has one real root with multiplicity 2.

The polynomial can be factored as (x + 2)(x + 2), indicating it has one real root with multiplicity 2.

Shear modulus (G) measures the material's response to shear stress, indicating how it deforms under such stress.

Viruses are acellular and cannot reproduce independently; they require a host cell.

A satellite in a low Earth orbit has a very high orbital speed due to the proximity to the Earth and the gravitational pull.

All the given identities are true for all angles A.

In an endothermic reaction, heat is absorbed, resulting in a positive ΔH.

log_10(0.1) = log_10(10^-1) = -1.

log_a(b) + log_a(c) = log_a(bc) by the product property of logarithms.

If a > 1, then log_a(b) < log_a(c) when b < c.

log_a(bc) = log_a(b) + log_a(c) by the product rule of logarithms.

Using the property of exponents, we have 2^(x+1 - (x-1)) = 2^(x+1-x+1) = 2^2.

Since 8 can be expressed as 2^3, we have 2^(x+3) = 2^3, thus x + 3 = 3, leading to x = 0.

Since 16 can be expressed as 4^2, we have 4^(x+1) = 4^2, leading to x + 1 = 2, thus x = 1.

(a + b)³ = a³ + 3a²b + 3ab² + b³.

(x + y)² = x² + 2xy + y².

Vanillin is the primary component of the extract of the vanilla bean and is widely used as a flavoring agent in food.

Doping is the process used to create a p-n junction by adding impurities to a semiconductor.

Uranium-238 is commonly used as fuel in nuclear reactors due to its ability to undergo fission.