The first minimum in a single-slit diffraction pattern occurs at θ = λ/a, where a is the width of the slit.

Two parallel wires carrying currents in the same direction experience an attractive force between them.

The magnetic field inside a solenoid is uniform and directed along the axis of the solenoid.

The magnetic field inside a solenoid is directed from the north pole to the south pole of the solenoid.

The magnetic field inside a solenoid carrying current is given by B = μ₀nI, where n is the number of turns per unit length.

The magnetic field inside a solenoid is directly proportional to the number of turns per unit length, so it doubles.

The length of the solenoid does not affect the strength of the magnetic field inside it; it is determined by the number of turns per unit length, the current, and the permeability of the core material.

Increasing the number of turns per unit length in a solenoid increases the magnetic field strength.

Inside a long solenoid, the magnetic field is given by B = μ₀nI, where n is the number of turns per unit length.

In a standing wave, the points of maximum displacement are called antinodes, while nodes are points of zero displacement.

The distance between two consecutive nodes in a standing wave is λ/2.

A node is a point in a standing wave where the displacement is always zero.

Nodes in a standing wave are points where there is no displacement, meaning they are points of minimum amplitude.

In a standing wave, nodes are points of zero amplitude, while antinodes are points of maximum amplitude.

Total angular momentum of the system is the vector sum of individual angular momenta: L_total = L1 + L2.

Angular momentum L = Iω; if one has twice the moment of inertia, it will have twice the angular momentum at the same angular velocity.

Angular momentum L = Iω; since IA = 2IB and ωA = ωB, LA = 2LB.

The slope of the temperature-resistivity graph represents the temperature coefficient of resistivity.

A linear stress-strain relationship indicates that the material is undergoing elastic deformation.

The elastic limit is the maximum stress that a material can withstand while still returning to its original shape.

The linear relationship between stress and strain indicates that the material is in the elastic region.

A linear relationship in the stress-strain curve indicates that the material behaves elastically within that range.

According to the First Law of Thermodynamics, ΔU = Q - W. Here, ΔU = 300 J - 200 J = 100 J.

In a thermodynamic cycle, the net work done is equal to the net heat added to the system, according to the first law of thermodynamics.

In a thermodynamic cycle, the net work done is equal to the net heat added to the system, as the internal energy change is zero.

The internal energy of a system increases if heat is added to the system or work is done on the system.

According to Gay-Lussac's Law, if the volume decreases at constant pressure, the temperature must increase.

According to Boyle's Law, for a constant temperature, pressure is inversely proportional to volume. If volume doubles, pressure halves.

As the angle of incidence increases, the effective path difference changes, causing a shift in the observed colors.

When light reflects off a denser medium, it undergoes a phase change of π (180 degrees).