Starfish can reproduce through fragmentation, where a part of the organism breaks off and develops into a new individual.

Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship where both species benefit, such as bees pollinating flowers.

Pollination in flowering plants is a key process in sexual reproduction, involving the transfer of pollen to fertilize ovules.

Sublimation is the process where a solid turns directly into a gas, as seen with dry ice (solid CO2).

A balloon inflating when heated is an example of thermal expansion, as the gas inside expands with increased temperature.

Binary fission in amoeba is a form of asexual reproduction where a single organism divides into two.

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell.

Increased pollution is not a benefit of biodiversity; rather, biodiversity helps in reducing pollution.

Higher labor costs are not a benefit of biotechnology; in fact, biotechnology often aims to reduce labor costs through increased efficiency.

Creation of synthetic fertilizers is not a benefit of biotechnology in medicine; it is related to agricultural biotechnology.

Genetically modified crops are generally designed to reduce costs and increase yield, not to increase production costs.

Reduced agricultural yield is not a benefit of GMOs; in fact, they are designed to increase yield and resilience.

Higher production costs are not a benefit of biotechnology; in fact, biotechnology aims to reduce costs.

Genetic engineering of crops is primarily an agricultural application, not a direct medical application.

Traditional farming does not involve biotechnological methods, while the other options are applications of biotechnology.

Species diversity refers to the variety of species in an ecosystem, not a characteristic of a single population.

Ecosystems are dynamic and characterized by changing populations, not static populations.

Endothermic reactions absorb heat, feel cold, and have a positive ΔH; they do not release heat.

An exothermic reaction releases heat and has a negative ΔH. It causes the temperature of the surroundings to increase, not absorb energy.

An ideal solution has a constant boiling point and obeys Raoult's law, while variable composition is not a characteristic.

Crystalline solids exhibit anisotropy, meaning their properties vary with direction, while isotropy refers to uniform properties in all directions.

D-block elements typically have variable oxidation states and lower ionization energies compared to p-block elements.

Essential oils are typically non-water-soluble and are known for their volatile and aromatic properties.

Ionic solids do not conduct electricity in the solid state; they conduct when melted or dissolved in water.

K-selected species typically have low reproductive rates, focusing on raising fewer offspring with high parental care.

Decay is not a characteristic of life; it is a process that occurs after death.

Inertia is not a characteristic of living organisms; they exhibit growth, reproduction, and movement.

Polymers typically have low solubility in water, especially synthetic ones.

R-selected species are characterized by high fecundity and short lifespans, not long gestation periods.

Echinodermata do not possess a notochord; this feature is characteristic of Chordata.