Phenol is a derivative of benzene, where one hydrogen atom is replaced by a hydroxyl group (-OH).

Ester is a derivative of carboxylic acid formed by the reaction of an acid with an alcohol.

Newton is a derived unit as it is defined in terms of the base units: 1 N = 1 kg·m/s².

Oxalic acid (C2H2O4) is a dicarboxylic acid as it contains two carboxylic acid groups.

Loss of biodiversity leads to a loss of ecosystem resilience, making ecosystems more vulnerable to changes.

All of the above options are direct threats to biodiversity, affecting species and ecosystems.

Maltose is a disaccharide composed of two glucose units.

All of the options listed are disadvantages of a partnership, including shared profits, limited access to capital, and increased liability.

Asexual reproduction lacks genetic variation, which can make populations more vulnerable to diseases and environmental changes.

FM requires a larger bandwidth than AM, which can be a disadvantage in certain communication systems.

FM requires a more complex receiver design compared to AM.

Unlimited liability for all partners is a significant disadvantage, as partners can be personally responsible for business debts.

HIV/AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which is a virus.

It is the duty of every citizen to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions.

One of the Fundamental Duties under Article 51A is to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood among all the people of India.

Temperature is a key factor affecting the rate of photosynthesis, as it influences enzyme activity involved in the process.

All of these factors influence the rate of transpiration in plants.

The polynomial x^2 - 9 can be factored as (x - 3)(x + 3).

The equation y = e^x represents a family of exponential curves for different bases.

Algae are primarily characterized by their ability to perform photosynthesis using various pigments, but they do not have true roots or vascular tissues.

Angiosperms are characterized by producing seeds, having vascular tissues, and producing flowers.

Bryophytes are non-vascular plants that typically thrive in moist habitats.

Dicots are characterized by having two cotyledons and net-like venation in their leaves.

Dicotyledons are characterized by having two seed leaves (cotyledons) and net-like venation in their leaves.

External fertilization typically occurs in aquatic environments where sperm and eggs are released into the water.

Fungi have chitin in their cell walls, distinguishing them from plants.

Internal fertilization occurs inside the female's body, providing protection to the developing embryo.

Living organisms have the ability to reproduce, which is a key feature of life.

Monocots are characterized by having parallel leaf venation and one cotyledon.

Monocotyledons are characterized by having parallel venation in their leaves.