When unpolarized light passes through two polarizers at 90 degrees, no light is transmitted, resulting in zero intensity.

The maximum intensity transmitted through two polarizers is given by Malus's law, which states that I = I0 * cos²(θ), where θ is the angle between the polarizers.

x^3 = 8 => x = 2

Taking the cube root of both sides, x = 8^(1/3) = 2.

Taking the fourth root, x = 81^(1/4) = 3.

The answer should have 1 decimal place, as 0.3 has the least decimal places.

The result should have 2 significant figures, as the least number of significant figures in the factors is 2.

The answer should have 2 significant figures, as the least number of significant figures in the factors is 2.

Using the balance condition R1/R2 = R3/R4, we find R4 = (R2 * R3) / R1 = (15 * 5) / 10 = 7.5Ω.

Using the balance condition R1/R2 = R3/R4, we find R4 = (R2 * R3) / R1 = (5 * 15) / 10 = 7.5Ω.

In a balanced Wheatstone bridge, the potential difference across the galvanometer is zero.

In a balanced Wheatstone bridge, the potential difference across the galvanometer is zero.

In a balanced Wheatstone bridge, the ratio of the resistances in one arm equals the ratio in the other arm, hence R1/R2 = R3/R4.

Capacitance is directly proportional to the plate area A. Increasing A increases capacitance.

The dielectric constant represents the ability of a material to increase the capacitance of a capacitor compared to a vacuum.

The relationship is given by Q = C * V, where Q is the charge, C is the capacitance, and V is the voltage.

Higher viscosity results in a lower height of rise in a capillary tube due to greater resistance to flow.

The efficiency of a Carnot engine depends on both the temperature of the hot reservoir and the cold reservoir.

The efficiency of a Carnot engine is dependent on the temperatures of the hot and cold reservoirs, given by η = 1 - (Tc/Th).

A Carnot engine operates between two temperatures, absorbing heat from a hot reservoir and rejecting heat to a cold reservoir.

Voltage drop across R2 = (R2 / (R1 + R2)) * Vtotal = (6 / (3 + 6)) * 10 = 6.67V.

In a parallel circuit, the voltage across each resistor is the same as the source voltage. Therefore, both resistors have 10V across them.

Using the voltage divider rule, V3 = (R3 / (R2 + R3)) * Vtotal = (3 / (2 + 3)) * 10 = 6V.

Total resistance R_total = R1 + R2 = 2Ω + 3Ω = 5Ω. Current I = V / R_total = 10V / 5Ω = 2A.

Total resistance R_total = R1 + R2 = 2Ω + 8Ω = 10Ω. Current I = V/R = 10V/10Ω = 1A.

Total resistance R_total = 5 + 5 = 10 ohms. Current I = V/R_total = 10V / 10 ohms = 1 A.

In series, the voltage is divided equally: V2 = (R2 / (R1 + R2)) * Vtotal = (5 / (5 + 5)) * 10 = 5V.

The total resistance is 4 + 8 = 12 ohms. The current I = V / R = 12 V / 12 ohms = 1 A. The voltage drop across the 8 ohm resistor is V = I * R = 1 A * 8 ohms = 8 V.

First, find the equivalent resistance: 1/R_eq = 1/4 + 1/6 = 5/12, so R_eq = 12/5 = 2.4 ohms. Then, using Ohm's law, I = V/R, we have I = 12V / 2.4 ohms = 5 A.

The total resistance is 9 ohms. The current is I = V/R = 12V / 9 ohms = 4/3 A. The voltage drop across the 6 ohm resistor is V = I * R = (4/3 A) * 6 ohms = 8 V.