Biology is the science of life — from the tiniest cell to the most complex human systems. This category is designed to support school students (Classes 6–12) as well as undergraduate (UG) learners with clear explanations, exam-focused content, and concept-building resources. You’ll find:
Concept-wise explanations aligned with NCERT and common UG syllabi
Important questions & answers for school exams, NEET foundation, and college tests
Human physiology, genetics, ecology, biotechnology, and cell biology explained simply
Practice questions, MCQs, and revision notes to strengthen understanding
Doubt-solving and conceptual clarity for competitive and academic success
Whether you’re preparing for school exams , building a strong base for NEET , or studying Biology at the undergraduate level , this section helps you learn smarter, revise faster, and understand Biology deeply — not just memorize it.
Learn life sciences the right way — clear concepts, exam relevance, and real understanding.
Q. What is a frameshift mutation?
A.
A mutation that changes one amino acid
B.
A mutation that adds or removes nucleotides, altering the reading frame
C.
A mutation that occurs in non-coding regions
D.
A mutation that duplicates a segment of DNA
Show solution
Solution
A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are added or deleted from the DNA sequence, shifting the reading frame and potentially altering all downstream amino acids.
Correct Answer:
B
— A mutation that adds or removes nucleotides, altering the reading frame
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Q. What is a key difference between DNA and RNA?
A.
DNA is single-stranded, RNA is double-stranded
B.
RNA contains uracil instead of thymine
C.
DNA is found in the cytoplasm, RNA is found in the nucleus
D.
RNA is more stable than DNA
Show solution
Solution
RNA contains uracil (U) in place of thymine (T), which is found in DNA, making this a key difference between the two nucleic acids.
Correct Answer:
B
— RNA contains uracil instead of thymine
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Q. What is a key feature of monocots in plant classification?
A.
Two seed leaves
B.
Parallel leaf venation
C.
Woody stems
D.
Deep taproots
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Solution
Monocots are characterized by parallel leaf venation, which distinguishes them from dicots.
Correct Answer:
B
— Parallel leaf venation
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Q. What is a major benefit of using genetically modified crops?
A.
Increased nutritional value
B.
Higher yield and pest resistance
C.
Reduced need for pesticides
D.
All of the above
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Solution
Genetically modified crops can provide increased nutritional value, higher yield, pest resistance, and reduced pesticide use.
Correct Answer:
D
— All of the above
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A.
A change in the DNA sequence
B.
A process of DNA replication
C.
The synthesis of RNA from DNA
D.
The formation of ribosomes
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Solution
A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can affect gene function and protein production.
Correct Answer:
A
— A change in the DNA sequence
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Q. What is a phenotype ratio of a dihybrid cross?
A.
1:1
B.
3:1
C.
9:3:3:1
D.
1:2:1
Show solution
Solution
A dihybrid cross typically results in a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio, representing the combinations of two traits.
Correct Answer:
C
— 9:3:3:1
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Q. What is adaptive radiation in the context of plant evolution?
A.
The process of plants adapting to a single environment
B.
The diversification of a group of organisms into forms filling different ecological niches
C.
The extinction of plant species due to environmental changes
D.
The gradual change of plant species over time
Show solution
Solution
Adaptive radiation refers to the diversification of a group of organisms into various forms that adapt to different ecological niches.
Correct Answer:
B
— The diversification of a group of organisms into forms filling different ecological niches
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Q. What is apomixis in plants?
A.
A form of sexual reproduction
B.
A form of asexual reproduction without fertilization
C.
The process of pollination
D.
The formation of seeds from ovules
Show solution
Solution
Apomixis is a form of asexual reproduction where seeds are produced without fertilization.
Correct Answer:
B
— A form of asexual reproduction without fertilization
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Q. What is herd immunity?
A.
Immunity developed by individuals after infection
B.
Immunity that protects a population when a large percentage is vaccinated
C.
Immunity that occurs naturally in a population
D.
Immunity that is passed from mother to child
Show solution
Solution
Herd immunity occurs when a significant portion of a population is vaccinated, reducing the spread of disease.
Correct Answer:
B
— Immunity that protects a population when a large percentage is vaccinated
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Q. What is photolysis in the context of photosynthesis?
A.
Splitting of water molecules
B.
Formation of glucose
C.
Absorption of light
D.
Release of oxygen
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Solution
Photolysis refers to the splitting of water molecules during the light-dependent reactions.
Correct Answer:
A
— Splitting of water molecules
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Q. What is photophosphorylation?
A.
Synthesis of glucose
B.
Production of ATP using light energy
C.
Conversion of NADP+ to NADPH
D.
Splitting of water molecules
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Solution
Photophosphorylation is the process of producing ATP using light energy during photosynthesis.
Correct Answer:
B
— Production of ATP using light energy
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A.
Growth towards light
B.
Growth away from light
C.
Growth in response to gravity
D.
Growth in response to water
Show solution
Solution
Phototropism is the growth of a plant towards light, driven by auxin distribution.
Correct Answer:
A
— Growth towards light
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Q. What is produced as a byproduct of the light reactions?
A.
Glucose
B.
Oxygen
C.
NADPH
D.
ATP
Show solution
Solution
Oxygen is released as a byproduct of the light reactions during the splitting of water.
Correct Answer:
B
— Oxygen
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Q. What is produced as a byproduct of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
A.
Glucose
B.
Oxygen
C.
NADPH
D.
ATP
Show solution
Solution
Oxygen is produced as a byproduct of the light-dependent reactions.
Correct Answer:
B
— Oxygen
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Q. What is produced during the light reactions of photosynthesis?
A.
Glucose
B.
Oxygen
C.
NADPH
D.
Both Oxygen and NADPH
Show solution
Solution
Both oxygen and NADPH are produced during the light reactions.
Correct Answer:
D
— Both Oxygen and NADPH
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Q. What is produced during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
A.
Glucose
B.
Oxygen
C.
NADPH
D.
Both B and C
Show solution
Solution
Oxygen and NADPH are produced during the light-dependent reactions.
Correct Answer:
D
— Both B and C
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Q. What is recombinant DNA technology primarily used for?
A.
To create genetically identical organisms
B.
To produce proteins, such as insulin
C.
To sequence entire genomes
D.
To analyze gene expression
Show solution
Solution
Recombinant DNA technology is used to combine DNA from different sources, often to produce proteins like insulin.
Correct Answer:
B
— To produce proteins, such as insulin
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Q. What is recombinant DNA?
A.
DNA that is naturally occurring
B.
DNA that has been artificially created by combining DNA from different sources
C.
DNA that is only found in viruses
D.
DNA that is only found in bacteria
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Solution
Recombinant DNA is formed by combining DNA from different organisms, allowing for the study and manipulation of genes.
Correct Answer:
B
— DNA that has been artificially created by combining DNA from different sources
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Q. What is the appropriate concentration of hydrogen peroxide for high-level disinfection?
A.
3%
B.
6%
C.
30%
D.
50%
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Solution
A concentration of 30% hydrogen peroxide is appropriate for high-level disinfection.
Correct Answer:
C
— 30%
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Q. What is the average blood pressure in a healthy adult?
A.
120/80 mmHg
B.
140/90 mmHg
C.
100/60 mmHg
D.
130/85 mmHg
Show solution
Solution
The average blood pressure in a healthy adult is typically around 120/80 mmHg.
Correct Answer:
A
— 120/80 mmHg
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Q. What is the average daily production of saliva in a human?
A.
0.5 liters
B.
1 liter
C.
1.5 liters
D.
2 liters
Show solution
Solution
The average daily production of saliva in a human is about 1 liter.
Correct Answer:
B
— 1 liter
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Q. What is the average duration of human gestation?
A.
28 weeks
B.
36 weeks
C.
40 weeks
D.
44 weeks
Show solution
Solution
The average duration of human gestation is approximately 40 weeks.
Correct Answer:
C
— 40 weeks
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Q. What is the average growth rate of a typical tree in cm per year?
A.
10 cm
B.
20 cm
C.
30 cm
D.
40 cm
Show solution
Solution
On average, many tree species grow about 20 cm per year under optimal conditions.
Correct Answer:
B
— 20 cm
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Q. What is the average heart rate of a healthy adult at rest?
A.
60-100 beats per minute
B.
40-60 beats per minute
C.
100-120 beats per minute
D.
120-140 beats per minute
Show solution
Solution
The average heart rate of a healthy adult at rest is typically between 60 and 100 beats per minute.
Correct Answer:
A
— 60-100 beats per minute
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Q. What is the average height increase of a corn plant per week during its peak growth phase?
A.
1 cm
B.
5 cm
C.
10 cm
D.
15 cm
Show solution
Solution
During its peak growth phase, a corn plant can increase in height by about 10 cm per week.
Correct Answer:
C
— 10 cm
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Q. What is the average height of a fully grown bamboo plant?
A.
5 m
B.
10 m
C.
15 m
D.
20 m
Show solution
Solution
The average height of a fully grown bamboo plant can reach up to 15 m.
Correct Answer:
C
— 15 m
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Q. What is the average length of a human newborn at birth?
A.
40 cm
B.
50 cm
C.
60 cm
D.
70 cm
Show solution
Solution
The average length of a human newborn at birth is approximately 50 cm.
Correct Answer:
B
— 50 cm
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Q. What is the average length of the human small intestine?
A.
3 meters
B.
5 meters
C.
7 meters
D.
9 meters
Show solution
Solution
The average length of the human small intestine is approximately 5 meters.
Correct Answer:
B
— 5 meters
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Q. What is the average lifespan of a biennial plant?
A.
1 year
B.
2 years
C.
3 years
D.
5 years
Show solution
Solution
Biennial plants typically have a lifespan of 2 years, completing their life cycle in that time.
Correct Answer:
B
— 2 years
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Q. What is the average lifespan of a parenchyma cell?
A.
Days
B.
Months
C.
Years
D.
Decades
Show solution
Solution
Parenchyma cells can live for several years, depending on the plant species.
Correct Answer:
C
— Years
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