Butane does not show optical isomerism as it does not have a chiral center.

2-butene has a double bond between the second and third carbon atoms, allowing for cis and trans isomers.

NH3 exhibits hydrogen bonding due to the presence of a nitrogen atom bonded to hydrogen.

In SF4, the sulfur atom is sp3d hybridized, resulting in a seesaw molecular geometry.

HCl has a dipole moment because it is a polar molecule with a significant difference in electronegativity between hydrogen and chlorine.

C2H2 (ethyne) has a linear shape due to sp hybridization of carbon.

BF3 has a trigonal planar geometry due to the sp2 hybridization of boron.

Acetylene (C2H2) contains a triple bond between the two carbon atoms.

C4H10 (butane) has the highest boiling point due to its larger molecular size and greater van der Waals forces.

Sodium chloride (NaCl) has the highest electronegativity difference between sodium and chlorine.

C5H12 can exist as both straight-chain (pentane) and branched (isopentane) forms.

All the listed compounds represent common oxidation states of vanadium: +5 in V2O5, +2 in VO, and +3 in V2O3.

Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is a well-known oxidizing agent used in various chemical reactions.

Cyclopropane is a cyclic alkane with three carbon atoms in a ring.

C6H12 can be cyclohexane, which is a cyclic hydrocarbon.

C5H10 can be a cycloalkane (cyclopentane) as it forms a ring structure.

Esters are derivatives of carboxylic acids formed by the reaction of an acid and an alcohol.

Bromobenzene contains a benzene ring with a bromine substituent, making it a haloarene.

Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is a hydrogen halide, which is a binary compound of hydrogen and a halogen.

C3H6O is a ketone as it has a carbonyl group (C=O) between two carbon atoms.

Butanone is a ketone, characterized by having the carbonyl group (C=O) between two carbon atoms.

C2H6 (ethane) and C2H4 (ethylene) have different molecular structures, thus they are structural isomers.

Phenol is an aromatic compound with a hydroxyl group directly attached to a benzene ring.

CH3NH2 is a primary amine as it has one alkyl group attached to the nitrogen.

CH3CH2CH2Cl is a primary haloalkane as the carbon attached to the halogen is bonded to only one other carbon.

The reaction of an aldehyde with a Grignard reagent produces a primary alcohol.

C5H12 (pentane) is a saturated hydrocarbon with single bonds only.

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a strong acid formed from hydrogen.

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a strong acid that contains hydrogen.

Sodium chloride dissociates completely in solution, making it a strong electrolyte.