All halogens (-F, -Cl, -Br, -I) exhibit -I effect, but -F is the strongest among them.

The –NO2 group withdraws electron density through resonance, exhibiting a -M effect.

Baking a cake is a chemical change as it results in the formation of new substances.

Acetaldehyde can exist in two forms (keto and enol) that readily interconvert, demonstrating tautomeric isomerism.

Nylon-6,6 is a copolymer made from two different monomers: hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid.

Sugar is an example of a crystalline solid, characterized by a well-ordered structure.

In the reaction 2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2, hydrogen peroxide is both oxidized and reduced.

BF3 is a Lewis acid as it can accept a pair of electrons.

The adsorption of O2 on activated charcoal is an example of physical adsorption.

Dissolving sugar in water is a physical change as it does not alter the chemical composition.

Sodium lauryl sulfate is a synthetic detergent commonly used in personal care products.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a synthetic polymer widely used in construction and plumbing.

Penicillin is a well-known antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections.

Photosynthesis is an endothermic process as it absorbs energy from sunlight.

Pentane and 2-methylbutane differ in the arrangement of carbon atoms, thus showing chain isomerism.

2-pentene can exist in cis and trans forms due to the presence of a double bond.

Lactic acid has a chiral center and can exist as two enantiomers, thus exhibiting optical isomerism.

Physisorption involves weak van der Waals forces, and the adsorption of oxygen on activated charcoal is a classic example.

1-bromopropane and 2-bromopropane differ in the position of the bromine atom, showing structural isomerism.

Keto-enol tautomerism is a classic example of tautomeric isomerism.

Volume is an extensive property, as it depends on the amount of substance present.

Adsorption is a surface phenomenon, while absorption is a bulk phenomenon.

Chemisorption is typically irreversible, unlike physisorption which is reversible.

Gases do not have a definite volume; they expand to fill their container.

Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container, hence they do not have a definite shape.

Noble gases are known for their inertness and low reactivity, making high reactivity incorrect.

The inductive effect is permanent and weakens with distance, but it is not reversible.

Transition metals typically have variable oxidation states, form colored compounds, and exhibit catalytic properties, but they do not have high electronegativity.

Raoult's Law is applicable under conditions of ideal solutions, and high pressure is not a requirement.

Raoult's Law applies to ideal solutions, and it is not necessary for the solute to be volatile.